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Thought Translation Device
Introduction
O Some neurological
conditions, such as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS),epilepsy can lead to
severe motor disability.
O Such patients are referred to
as Dzlocked-indz.
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Thought Translation Device
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Thought Translation Device
G t is SCP?
O SCP(slow cortical potential)Ȅone of the EEG signal
O Compared with other EEG signals, SCPs have two important
advantages:
First, they are present
in the brain activity of
every person.
Second, the the control
of SCP was found to be
highly specific.
0 Requirements 4 Communiction
O First, the learning ability of completely
paralyzed patients must be proven.
O Second, the EEG must be analyzed on-line for
immediate reinforcement.
O The on-line analysis must include all the
transformations necessary to extract the to-be-
controlled signal.
O Third, the software has to be flexible in order to
adjust it to the individual d procedure.
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Thought Translation Device
·The EEG is recorded from Cz, C3, and C4 of the 10-20 leads. SCP shifts
from Cz (vertex) serve as the primary signal, which has to be controlled and
used for operating the thought-translation device (TTD).
·The signals are amplified with an EEG amplifier set to a low-pass filter of
30 Hz and a time constant of 8 s and then digitized with a sampling rate of
100 Hz.
·EEG amplifier with a long time constant is essential.
·Thus we get many kind of signals i.e. signals for all the component s of
EEG including background noise.
·We use filters to remove the background noise and again perform signal
transformation to get the required signal and to perform cursor movement
on the computer screen.
Sapthagiri College Of Engineering 7
Thought Translation Device
Procedure
Production of Lnguge
M
O Goals used presented a word or letter sequence (the
lower goal) and a space for the patientǯs own text (the
upper goal).
O In the case depicted, the patient has to select the letter
DzMdz. In order to do this, the patient has to move the ball
into the bottom goal. If the characters shown should
not be selected (if it doesnǯt contain the required letter),
the patientǯs task would be to keep the ball away from
this goal.
Sapthagiri College Of Engineering 12
Thought Translation Device
Ôerits
O TTD can achieve an
accuracy level of 65Ȃ85%.
O The present software
can easily be used for
control of patientǯs
environment (e.g., call attendant, switch a light on
or off, etc.) by means of short task sequences being
linked with corresponding technical devices.
O Studies shows a reduction of epileptic seizures by
teaching patients to voluntarily produce positive
SCP shifts.
Sapthagiri College Of Engineering 14
Thought Translation Device
emerits
O SCP is the necessity of a low time constant and,
hence, contamination by Electrooculogram
(EOG) artifacts.
O It requires more time for communication.
O It is costly.
Improvements
O §eliable techniques for on-line EOG artifact
control during self regulation have developed.
O To achieve higher speed :-
1. Error rate should be reduced.
2. We should reduce the time necessary for each
single response.
3. Complexity of the alphabet and language
structure of LSP should be reduced.
Reference
O en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron
O ieeexplore.ieee.org
O www.springerlink.com