Bio Medical Waste Management

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BMW Mgt
× : Mgt
08--05
08 05--2009 BIO--MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIO 2

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J!

JJ

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08--05
BIO 3
DEFINITION:
× BIOMEDICAL WASTE means any solid ,liquid
waste including its container and any
intermediate product , which is generated during
the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of
human begins or animals or in research
pertaining thereto or in the production or testing
thereof..
thereof
08--05
BIO 4

× Biomedical waste must be properly
managed to protect the general public ,
specifically healthcare and sanitation
workers who are regularly exposed to
biomedical waste as an occupational
hazard..
hazard
08--05
BIO 5

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1.Human anatomical waste (tissues ,organs, body

parts);;
parts)
2.Animal waste (as above, generated during
research or experimentation , from veterinary
hospitals etc
etc..);
3.Microbiology and biotechnology waste, such as,
laboratory cultures ,micro
,micro--organisms, human
and animal cell cultures , toxins etc
etc.;
.;
4.Waste sharps ,such as , syringes ,scalpels,
broken glass
glass;;
5.Discarded medicines
medicines;;
08--05
BIO 6
6.Soiled waste , such as dressing, bandages,
plaster casts ,material contaminated with blood
etc ;
7.Solid waste (disposable items like tubes etc)
8.Liquid waste generated from any of the infected
areas;;
areas
9.Incineration ash
ash;;
10..Chemical waste
10 waste..
08--05
BIO 7
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08--05
BIO 8

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:
08--05
BIO 9

:
w :determines the point of

generation, the type of waste at each
point and level of generation
generation..
w : consists of

placing different types of wastes in
different containers at the point of
generation..
generation
08--05
BIO 10
w !!"# $ : occurs
between the point of waste generation and site
of waste treatment and disposal
disposal..
w % : when medical waste

is not treated on site, untreated waste must be
transported from the generation facility to
another site for treatment and disposal
disposal..
08--05
BIO 11
w " : is mainly required to
disinfect or decontaminate the waste, right
at the source so that it is no longer the
source of pathogenic organisms.
w $%# : vary in their capabilities,

cost, availability to generation and impact
on the environment.
08--05
BIO 12
&
'
&

× $ (!) * )"+ !) )*

% $%" !) )*
× % ) !) % , !# %!$
× ! !) )*
" ! !) )*
× # !) %!$
× $ !) %!$
× -
(%)#!# . -!)"!# !) )*
× )"!+
!)"/ $% ! $
× 0!) 1!. * "#
× $" $ ! # ! $
×
$ %" $ $ ! $
08--05
BIO 13
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× Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection,

storage,, transportation and final disposal are
storage
vital steps for safe and scientific management of
biomedical waste in any establishment
establishment..
× The key to minimization and effective

management of bio
bio--medical waste is
SEGREGATION (separation) AND
IDENTIFICATION OF WASTE by sorting them
into COLOUR CODED plastic bags or
08--05
08
containers..
containers
05--2009 BIO--MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIO 14
2
2 |

( 3 +
.4556
(
3 +

YELLOW Plastic bags Cat 1 human

anatomical waste,
Cat 2 animal waste,
Cat 3 microbiology
waste,
Cat 6 soiled waste
waste..
RED Disinfected Cat 3 microbiological
Cat 6 soiled
container
Cat 7 solid waste
08--05
08 05--2009
Plastic bags
BIO--MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIO (Waste IV tubes
15
catheters, etc
etc..)
BLUE/ WHITE Plastic Cat 4 waste sharps
Cat 7 plastic
bag/puncture disposable
proof containers tubings,etc..
tubings,etc
BLACK Plastic Cat 5 discarded

medicines
bag/puncture Cat 9 incineration ash
proof containers Cat 10 chemical waste
08--05
BIO 16

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× Two types of costs are required to be incurred by

hospitals for BMW Mgt, # and 7 #. #.
× # ! includes cost for segregation, mutilation,
disinfection, internal storage and transportation including
hidden cost of protective equipment
equipment..
× 7 # ! involves off site transport of waste,
treatment and final disposal
disposal..
× Govt Govt.. of India in its pilot project for hospital waste mgt in
Govt.. hospitals has estimated Rs
Govt Rs..85 lakhs as capital cost
in 1000 bedded super specialty teaching hospital which
08--05
08
includes on site final
05--2009
disposal of BMW BMW..
BIO--MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIO 17

48 : High temperature

thermal process employing combustion
of the waste under controlled condition
for converting them into inert material
and gases
gases..
08--05
BIO 18

:
:
× -#2!)"- %#! !
specially designed to burn infectious health-care
waste.
×
#2!)"- * ! with static grate,
used only if pyrolytic incinerators are not
affordable.
× 9# operating at high temperature,
capable of causing decomposition of genotoxic
substances and heat-resistant chemicals.
08--05
BIO 19
08--05
BIO 20
R8

3 3
: Recommended for liquid
wastes as well as chemical wastes involving the use of
at least 1% hypochlorite solution with other equivalent
reagents like phenolic compounds, iodine etc etc.. for a
minimum contact period of 30 minutes
minutes..
3 3
: generally used for treating
solid waste.
08--05
BIO 21
08--05
BIO 22
8 : A low heat
process in which steam is brought into
direct contact with the waste material for
duration sufficient to disinfect the
material..
material
4. 3 : Steam
sterilization process which can treat the
same waste as the autoclave plus the
waste sharps
sharps..
08--05
BIO 23
5. : A wet
thermal disinfection process in which the
microwave heats the targeted material
from inside out, providing a high level of
disinfection..
disinfection
08--05
BIO 24
08--05
BIO 25
Ô8 :
× % $"% : not recommended
×
# $*## : Disposing of certain
types of health-care waste (infectious
waste and small quantities of
pharmaceutical waste) in sanitary landfills
is acceptable.
08--05
BIO 26
3:

!!% # );$ :
1. Contact with infected material like
pathological waste, used gloves etc
etc..
2. Contact with stool, urine, blood, pus etc
etc..,
of the patients during cleaning job
job..
3. Accidental cut or punctures from infected
sharps such as scalpels, knives etc
etc..
08--05
BIO 27

* " :
× Clear directives in the form of a notice to
be displayed in all the concerned areas
areas..
× Sterilization of all equipments and their
issue accordingly
accordingly..
× Provision of disinfectant, soap etc
etc.., of the
right quality and clean towels / tissue
paper..
paper
08--05
BIO 28

:
* )% $!# !% )

*" % % $#
08--05
BIO 29
Do not inhale
chemicals directly.
#$- $
* |$!# Use always mask.
08--05
BIO 30
Keep away sharps
medicines from children
Never transfer
sharp directly
08--05
BIO 31

3| 2
23:

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3

| 3

32

32
08--05
BIO 32

× # Bio-Medical Waste Regulations 1998
Classified in ten categories;
Color coding and types of containers for different categories and
their corresponding treatment & disposal option with standards.
× 0.33 million tons/year
× # !!
Poorly managed incinerators;««..or back yard burners?
Open burial pits posing a threat to public;
Sharps collected/reused without cleaning or sterilization.

!"#$
08--05
BIO 33

:

:
3 Safe and effective management of waste is not only a
legal necessity but also a social responsibility
responsibility..
3 Lack of concern, motivation, awareness and cost are

some of the problems faced in the proper biomedical
waste management
management..
3 Clearly there is a need for education as to the hazards

associated with the improper waste disposal
disposal..
3 A LESSER amount of biomedical waste means a lesser

burden on waste disposal work, cost saving and a more
efficient disposal system
system..
3 Hence, health care providers should always try to reduce

the waste generation in day to day work in the clinic or at
the hospital
08--05
08 05--2009
hospital.. BIO--MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIO 34

× All health care facilities generating Bio-medical
waste shall strictly ensure segregation, color
coding and other provisions of Bio-medical
waste (Management & Handling) rules, 1998
and amendments thereof.
× Incinerators, which do not confirm to the design

and emission norms as per rules, must be
modified and air pollution control system may
be retrofitted to minimize the emission level.
08--05
BIO 35
× The operator should ensure proper
operation and management (O&M) of
incinerator through attainment of required
temperature in both the chambers, regular
operation of the incinerator, proper
maintenance of the logbook and storage of
the waste in isolated area, plastic
incineration should not be undertaken
08--05
BIO 36
× Proper training and personal safety equipment /
accessories should be provided to waste
handling staff.
× Records of waste generation, treatment and

disposal should be maintained by the hospital
hospital..
× Various regulatory agencies, hospitals, medical

association and municipal corporation should
work together for proper management of Bio Bio--
medical waste in the cities / towns.
towns.
08--05
BIO 37

"
× Veda Hegde, Kulkarni RD , Ajantha GS ±
Biomedical waste management
management..
× Biomedical Waste ± Wikipedia , the free

encyclopedia .
× Biomedical Waste Management : An

infrastructural survey of hospitals ± Lt col SKM
Rao , Wg Cdr RK Ranyal , Lt Col SS Bhatia , Lt
Col VR Sharma .
08--05
BIO 38
× GLOBAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE :
K.V.Radha, K.Kalivani, R.Lavanya.
Department of chemical engineering,
Anna University, Chennai.
× HEALTH CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
SOUTH ASIA:
8 )
" # <
" "
*!) #.
)# $8
08--05
BIO 39
08--05
BIO 40

Bio Medical Waste Management

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| 

1.Human anatomical waste (tissues ,organs, body

w   :determines the point of

w   : consists of

w   % : when medical waste

w $%# : vary in their capabilities,

× $ (!)   * )"+ !) )*

× Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection,

× The key to minimization and effective

YELLOW Plastic bags Cat 1 human

BLACK Plastic Cat 5 discarded

× Two types of costs are required to be incurred by

48   : High temperature

  * )% $!#  !% )

3 Lack of concern, motivation, awareness and cost are

3 Clearly there is a need for education as to the hazards

3 A LESSER amount of biomedical waste means a lesser

3 Hence, health care providers should always try to reduce

× Incinerators, which do not confirm to the design

× Records of waste generation, treatment and

× Various regulatory agencies, hospitals, medical

× Biomedical Waste ± Wikipedia , the free

× Biomedical Waste Management : An

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w :determines the point of

w : consists of

w % : when medical waste

w $%# : vary in their capabilities,

× $ (!) * )"+ !) )*

48 : High temperature

* )% $!# !% )