Palayamanan: Diversified

Integrated Rice-Based
Farming Systems
Concepts, Principles & Applications

Rizal G. Corales
Supervising Science Research Specialist
Agronomy, Soils & Plant Physiology Division
PhilRice, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
rgcorales@email.philrice.gov.ph; rizcorales@yahoo.com;
 What
What is
is Palayamanan?
Palayamanan?
Palay
Palayamanan
Palayamanan
Kayamanan

•• Synergistic
Synergisticmix
mixof
offarming
farmingenterprises
enterprises
•• Implemented
Implementedby bythe
thefarm
farmfamily
family
•• Depending
Dependingon ontheir
theirresources
resources
•• Based
Basedononthe
theexisting
existingenvironments
environments
•• Attainment
Attainmentof
offamily
familygoals
goalsand
andaspirations
aspirations

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 Palayamanan
Palayamanan
Revival of “Bahay Kubo”
Concept
Givin
g it
with
a ne
w TW
IST

Uplifting it from subsistence to

Entrepreneurial Level
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 Palayamanan…
Palayamanan…
Palayamanan blends the right mix of farm
components like crops, trees, livestock &
fish, and the integration of waste
management to fully utilize the resources
and maximize the benefits that can be
generated from the farm

With Palayamanan, the farm is not just rice.

It is about food security, livelihood and
empowering farmers to become better
decision makers
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 “BE RICH”
RICH
Principle of Palayamanan
Better resource Enhance biodiversity &
allocation ecological balance

CROPS
120,000
100,000

Pe sos
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2002 2003 2004
gros s incom e expenses net incom e

ANIMALS
140,000
120,000

Pesos
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2002 2003 2004
gros s incom e expenses net incom e

Reduce prod’n risks Higher income & profit

Increased cropping Continuous food supply

intensity, productivity,
profitability & economic
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 PALAyamanAN
PALA
PALA Hard work

Knowledge & Skills

KAALAMAN
KAALAMAN HalamanAN
Farming PaghahayupAN
ventures PalaisdahAN
KABUHAYAN
KABUHAYAN KakahuyAN
Iba pang PangkabuhayAN

KAYAMANAN
KAYAMANAN Prosperity
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Inter-conectivity
Inter-conectivity of
of the
the farm
farm
components
components
 PALAYAMANAN
PALAYAMANAN Components
Components && Strategies
Strategies

RICE
1 Crop
Production
CASH CROPS HIGH VALUE CROPS

VEGETABLES

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 Strategies for Crop Diversification
Relay/Sequential cropping

Simultaneous cropping

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 Strategies for Crop Production

Popular varieties
Special purpose
Aromatic

Rain shelters

High-value vegetables

Off-season

Permanent beds

Continuous cropping

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 Cost efficient practices for
upland crop production
Organic fertilizer Mulching
Permanent beds

Controlled irrigation
Cover plants

Microbials
Botanicals
Mixed crops

Pyramid trellis Fruit wrapping

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 2 Livestock
Production

BAKA/KALABAW MANOK

KAMBING/TUPA BIBI/PATO
BABOY

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 Multi-Animal Single Roof System
Compact DUCKS
Easy to maintain CHICKEN

Organic fertilizer generator GRAZING

CHICKENS PIGS

COWS

GOATS

Legend
Fence area
Shade area

Area: 50m2
Figure 1. Layout of the multi-animal single roof shed.

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 Cost efficient practices for
animal production

Mulch beddings Feed supplement

Free range
Cut and Carry

Automatic waterer
/Feeder Grazing Microbial inoculant
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 3 Aquaculture

Fish culture

Fish-Snail/Clam culture

Shrimp culture

Crab fattening

Rice-Fish culture
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 Strategies for Aquaculture

Rice-Fish Pond refuge Rice-Gabi-Fish Pond refuge

SFR
Fish cage Fish pond
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 4 Fruit & Forest
Tree Production

Fruit trees

Forest trees

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 5 Other Farming Ventures
p osting
r mi -com
Ve Plan
t pr
Mushroom culture opa
g at
ion
Bi
o-

Food Processing
ba
se

Marketing
d
Pr
od
uc
ts

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 6 Biomass Recovery System

Fermented kitchen garbage

MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY Composting

Residue In situ
Incorporation composting

Organic fertilizer production

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 Criteria in Establishing a
Palayamanan Food Plan

••ItItmust
mustbebesimple
simpleand
andmanageable
manageable
••ItItmust
mustsupply
supplythe
thefamily’s
family’sminimal
minimaldietary
dietaryrequirements
requirements
•It
•Itmust
mustprovide
provideeconomic
economicincentive,
incentive,sosothat
thatincome
incomewill,
will,atataa
minimum,
minimum,meetmeetthe
thefamily’s
family’sbasic
basicneeds
needs
•It
•Itmust
mustbe
belabor
laborintensive
intensiveandandprovide
providemeaningful
meaningful
employment
employmentand andinvolvement
involvementfor forthe
thefarm
farmfamily.
family.
•All
•Allthe
thecomponents
componentsofofthethefood
foodproduction
productionstrategy
strategymust
mustbe be
complementary
complementaryand andintegrated.
integrated.

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 Considerations in Selecting the
Palayamanan Components
•• Grain
Graincrops
cropsshould
shouldbe bemain
mainfood
foodfor
forboth
bothhuman
human&&livestock
livestock
&&adaptable
adaptabletotothe thelocality
locality
•• Small
Smalllivestock
livestockmay mayinclude
includepoultry,
poultry,rabbits,
rabbits,goat,goat,pigs,
pigs,and
and
other
other animals
animals adopted
adopted toto the
the region.
region. The
The animals
animals provide
provide
the
thefamily
familywith
withaaconstant
constantsupply
supplyofofquality
qualityprotein,
protein,Vitamin
Vitamin
B12,
B12,andandother
othervitamins
vitaminsandandavailable
availableminerals.
minerals.
•• AAfood
foodlegume
legumesuchsuchas asdry
drybeans,
beans,pigeon
pigeonpea,pea,cowpea,
cowpea,soy soy
beans
beans toto provide
provide additional
additional protein
protein base
base forfor human
human dietdiet &&
livestock.
livestock.
•• Vegetable
Vegetable gardengarden toto provide
provide minerals
minerals and and vitamins
vitamins
(particularly
(particularlyvitamin
vitaminAA&&C) C)
•• Revenue
Revenue source
source either
either food
food or
or non-food
non-food or or livestock
livestock solely
solely
for
forcash
cashpurposes.
purposes.ThisThiscreates
createssome
someofofthe theincome
incomefor forthe
the
family
familyand
andbecome
becomean aneconomic
economicdriver
driverofofthe
thePalayamanan.
Palayamanan.
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 Palayamanan Farm Model
• Homestead
• Diversified Integrated Farming Systems Components
Legend
Kubo
PALAYAMANAN NORTH
MODEL FARM DESIGN
Livestock
Trees 12.5

Rice area
Fish pond AREA: 18,338.8 m2
Vegetable garden
Road 104 PalayCheck System
Fish Pond 95
NIA canal
Drainage canal
N 3159.1
Irrigation canal 7424.5

51

12 31.1
23.6

Rice + Duck
Fish Pond
38 38
Rice Production Area 32.9

Vegetable Area
456 1181.8 1651.6
81 48
2438.4

411 Rice + Fish

10 32.2
Residential Area
78 1616.4
41.1 50.2

Motor pool
Considerations in Establishing Palayamanan
Model Farm
Careful planning
Careful planning and
and prioritization
prioritization
••existing
existingconditions
conditions
• family resources Each model
Each model isis unique
unique
• family resources
••no
noreplica
replica
••depends
dependson onlocal
localfactors
factors
••resources
resourcesofofthe
thefarm
farm family
family

Biological diversity
Biological diversity of
of farm
farm
components
components
••interconnectivity
interconnectivity
••harvest
harvest security
security
••nutritional
nutritionalbalance
balance
••economic
economic stability
stability
••sustainability
sustainability
Factors to consider

Capital
Capital Labor
Labor

Cropsuitability
Crop suitability
Landscape
Landscape

Market
Market

Security
Security
Soil Type
Soil Type Water Resources
Water Resources
 PALAYAMANAN Village Model

• Diversification in a
Village context

• Give more freedom

for farm families to
choose farm
enterprises that they
can integrate to their
farming systems
• Encourage
participation of more
farm families

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 Palayamanan Domain
Unfavorable or Food
Insecure Areas
• Rainfed lowland
• Upland areas
• Areas with partial irrigation or tail
end of irrigation systems
• Saline prone areas
• Cool-elevated areas
• Fusion of irrigated and rainfed
lowland or upland areas
• Indigenous people territories
• Insurgency rehabilitation areas

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 Goal
Goal

To transform
To transform rice-based
rice-based farming
farming systems
systems domains
domains into
into
economically productive,
economically productive, competitive
competitive and
and sustainable
sustainable
agricultural systems
agricultural systems …… Agribusiness
Agribusiness Enterprises
Enterprises

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 Framework & Scheme

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 Social Mobilization

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 Process
Process of
of Implementation
Implementation

Technical Briefing
• Provide information to local
partners
• Assess willingness and
commitments of local partners

Site Validation
• Technical feasibility &
representativeness
• Accessibility & Visibility

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 Forge partnerships and linkages c ial
U p in
ov l
r
t& g P ve
Pooling and sharing of resources u
O lin
a l Le
c i pa
s un
i c
Efficient delivery of services M vel
Le
i l ot e
P la g
Sense of ownership Vil del
Mo
n
ati o
bi l iz
Mo
s &
E e r
R IC r m n s
IL Fa ic zati o
PH v
Ci gani
O r
l
oca ent
/ P L rnm
te ons M ve
i va ti Go its r ent
Pr titu Un the rnm ns
Ins O ve io
t
Go titu
Ins
Cs
Execution of Memorandum of
SU Agreement (MOA)
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 Benchmark Data Gathering
Identify resources, opportunities, and
problems
Identify interventions
Basis for impact assessment
SecondaryData
Secondary Data (Barangay/Municipal
(Barangay/MunicipalProfile)
Profile)

ConductParticipatory
Conduct ParticipatoryRural
RuralAppraisal
Appraisal
(PRA)
(PRA)
•• FGD
FGD
•• PNOA
PNOA
•• SWOT
SWOTAnalysis
Analysis
Mapping (Transect
Mapping (Transect map,
map, Resource
Resource map,
map, GIS
GIS
map)
map)

Interview
Interview

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Selection of Farmer Partners OUTSCALING
FFS
> 100
FFS Farmer
Partners in
25 30 FFS 2 years
Farmer Partners
FFS

15 Core Farmers Conduct PTDs

FFS 1 Palayamanan
Model Farm
Farmer Leaders

Increase
Increase number
number of
of farmer
farmer partners
partners over
over time
time as
as more
more FFS
FFS will
will
be
be conducted
conducted

Farmer
Farmer Leaders
Leaders can
can be
be trained
trained and
and serve
serve as
as FFS
FFS Facilitators
Facilitators

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 Participatory Planning & Assessment

• Develop work plan

• Assess progress

Planningworkshop
Planning workshop

ProjectReview
Project Review

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 Capacity Enhancement

 Improve technical and managerial

skills
 Change attitude
 Better decision making

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 Capacity Enhancement

Farmers’Field
Farmers’ FieldSchool
School

Learning field Experiential & Discovery-Based

Learning Process
 Enlist 25-30 Farmer-partners
 Weekly half-day learning
AESA  Field as a learning material
 Response to what is happening
 Share of experiences
 Based from what farmers want &
needs
Info process  Discover, evaluate and
understand
Critical evaluation
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 Capacity Enhancement

Support System
Support System

 School on the Air Program

 Training, Seminars
 Field Days
 Field Walks, Techno Klinik
 Cross Visits
 Farmers’ Congress, Fora
 Dap-ayan
 ICT, Text Center

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 Participatory
Participatory Technology
Technology Development
Development (PTDs)
(PTDs)

 Develop location specific

technologies & farming
models
 Serve as Learning Fields for
FFS

Promote
Promote only
only technologies
technologies
adaptable
adaptable to
to the
the local
local
condition
condition based
based on
on PTD
PTD
results
results

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 Enterprise Development

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 Ragiwdiw Handicraft
Bibiron,San
Bibiron, SanFernando,
Fernando,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur

 Sea grass a prevalent weeds in rice areas

 Sea grass as raw materials for handicraft
 Before the monthly income was
P10,500/month
 Braids bought at P0.60/m. Daily income
of P120.00/individual
 Assistance from DA-BES, PhilRice, DTI
 The business now has P
50,000.00/month income
 Source of additional income from more
than 100 households

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 Coccina de Palayamanan

Poblacion,San
Poblacion, SanFernando,
Fernando,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur

 Partners: DA-BES, LGU, PhilRice & DTI

 80 housewives ; 20 engaged in
production

 Bicol recipes such as bicol express, laing,

sweet potato cookies, vegetable pickles,
atsara, salted eggs, pulvoron, cassava
cookies, yema and salabat

 Additional income: P900.00-

P1,500.00/month

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 Institutional Infrastructure

Community Seed
Community Seed Bank
Bank

Planting Materials

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 Establishment
Establishment of
of On-Station
On-Station && In-
In-
Campus
Campus Palayamanan
Palayamanan Model
Model Farms
Farms

• Source of plant & animal

stocks
• Income generating activity
• Learning center
• Demo-Farm

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 Community Seed Banks
CSU, Sanchez Mira Cagayan
ISU, Roxas, Isabela
ISU, Echague, Isabela
CVIARC, Ilagan, Isabela
PhilRice, San Mateo, Isabela
ISCAF, Lamut, Ifugao
CLSU, Munoz, Nueva Ecija
PhilRice, Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva
Ecija
NEUST, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija
TCA, Camiling, Tarlac
SPES, San Pascual, Tarlac City
BASC, San Ildefonso Bulacan
PAC, Magalang, Pampanga
BPSU, Abucay, Bataan
RMTU, San Marcelino, Zambales
RMTU, Botolan, Zambales
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30Palayamanan
30 PalayamananModel
Model
Farmsestablished
Farms established
Camp Martillana, Pili, Camarines Sur
BES/BIARC, Pili, Camarines Sur
SDF, Sorsogon City, Sorsogon
EVIARC, Babatngon, Leyte
CCJ, Calbayog City, Northern Samar
DA-ROS, San Jorge, Northern Samar
CapSU, Capiz
WESVIARC, Jaro, Iloilo
NESCA, Cauayan, Negros Occidental
PhilRice, Murcia, Negros Occidental
PhilRice, RTR, Agusan del Norte
USM, Cabacan, North Cotabato
PhilRice, Midsayap, North Cotabato
 Financing Scheme

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 Capital Roll-over & Build-up Scheme
Ensure the sustainability of the
activities beyond the project span

Roll
Roll over
over seed
seed fund
fund to
to increase
increase the
the number
number of
of
farmer
farmer partners
partners

Eliminate
Eliminate the
the “dole-out”
“dole-out” mentality
mentality

 Capital Build-up
 Loan Assistance
Technical Assistance

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 Monitoring & Evaluation
• Assess progress
• Provide technical assistance
• Direction and guidance

Consultation
Consultation

Field
Field Monitoring
Monitoring

Regional
Regional Meetings
Meetings
Resource
Resource person
person
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 Feedback Mechanism
• Gather information on the
performance of technologies
• Enhance promotion or
commercialization or
technologies
Forum/Congress

Consultation Meetings Field day

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 Several Palayamanan Models

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Palayamanan for Rainfed
KinalangayNuevo,
Kinalangay Nuevo,Malinao,
Malinao,Aklan
Aklan

Rice
Rice ++ Vegetable
Vegetable ++ Livestock
Livestock System
System

 Rice Production: 3.05t/ha (1.0t/ha increase)

 Vegetable production: P20,000.00
 Livestock: P5,000.00
 Dispersal program: swine (25 recipients);
Darag Chicken (35 recipients) & tilapia (5
recipients)
 Palayamanan Village Model was adopted
by Aklan State University as “Social
Laboratory”
 14 students of ASU conducted thesis,
practicum for other students

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 Palayamanan Model for Upland

Agdanganan,Baao,
Agdanganan, Baao,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur

Diversified
Diversified Upland
Upland Crops
Crops ++
Livestock
Livestock System
System

Integrated Farming Model Farm (Dry Season, 2008)

_______________________________________________
Capital Amount (P)
Land Preparation 1, 320.00
Farm Inputs (Fertilizer) 600.00
Yield
Sweet Corn (109 kls@35/kl) 3, 815.00
Cucumber (51 kls@20/kl) 1, 020.00
Upland Rice (1.5 tons) 27, 000.00
Profit 29, 115.00
________________________________________________
Note: Poultry component is on going. (100 heads)

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 Palayamanan in Saline-prone Areas
Camanhagay,San
Camanhagay, SanSebastian,
Sebastian,Samar
Samar

Rice
Rice ++ Vegetables
Vegetables ++ Livestock
Livestock System
System

Component Yield Gross Expenses Net Income

(kg) Income (P) (P)
(P)
Crops
Rice 2,400.00 19,800.00 8,659.17 11,140.83
Vegetables 11,681.03 148,247.13 94,965.00 53,281.61
Coconut 393.33 7,303.33 1,133.33 6,170.00
Sub total 14,474.36 175,350.46 70,592.44
Livestock 104,758.02
Swine 3 heads 16,000.00 8,021.15
Chicken 10 heads 1,500.00 645.75
Turkey 5 heads 1,500.00 7,978.50 563.25
Sub total 19,000.00 9,230.15
854.25
GRAND TOTAL: 194,350.46 79,822.59
936.75
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Palayamanan for Flood-prone
Bibiron,San
Bibiron, SanFernando,
Fernando,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur

Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish
Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish System
System

 Rice : PSB Rc84, 86, 88; average yield

4.5t/ha
 Vegetable : Food + P800/wk
 Fish : Golden apple snail feed
supplement; 2,500 stock, Net income
P18,000.00
 Duck : 200 heads; 150 eggs/day; Income
P 5,000.00/wk

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 Palayamanan Model in Flood-prone Areas
Cuyapon,Kabakan,
Cuyapon, Kabakan,North
NorthCotabato
Cotabato

Rice+Livestock+Vegetable
Rice+Livestock+Vegetable System
System

• Mr. Ambatang earned average

P500/week from vegetables, 5 initial
duck stocks now 67 heads; income
from eggs P200/wk.
• Pstr. Soriano seed produced and
multiplied his vegetables and are now
planted in the barangay and Church
gardens
• Mr. Andingil is selling duck at P100/kg;
eggs at P4 each (eggs & ducks
produced about P17,000 in 5 months)
• Bucks dispersed are now used to
breed with native does in the barangay
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Palayamanan sa Paaralan
SanPascual
San PascualElementary
ElementarySchool,
School,Tarlac
TarlacCity,
City,Tarlac
Tarlac

Waste
Waste Management
Management cum
cum Food
Food Production
Production System
System

Food Production
Rice 4,500m2 2,500 kg 26,000.00
Squash 300m2 3.0 kg 90.00
Okra 7.0 kg 175.00
Eggplant 5.0 kg 150.00
Ampalaya 5.0 kg 150.00
Sili 2.0 kg 50.00
Total P 26,615.00

Learning center for school children

Support the Feeding Program
Children to establish vegetable home
gardens
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Palayamanan sa Bilanguan
CalbayogCity
Calbayog CityJail,
Jail,Calbayog
CalbayogCity,
City,Northern
NorthernSamar
Samar

Food
Food Plan
Plan and
and Livelihood
Livelihood System
System

Production system
Rice Seed Production (0.50) 62 bags P55,000.00
Hybrid Rice 7.2t P40,000.00
Vegetable Assorted 6,432.00
Tilapia 103kg 6,180.00
Chicken 38 heads
90eggs
Pineapple just planted
Total P113,612.00

15 attended FFS rice; 25 FFS vegetable

6 hours/day out of cell
Food supply & extra income
Outstanding warden & AT
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Palayamanan in Insurgency Rehabilitation Areas
Lidong,Polangui,
Lidong, Polangui,Albay
Albay Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance and
and Development
Development
Program
Program
Variety Trial: PSB Rc3 (2.11 t), Rc5 (3.15t), Rc7 (3.08t), NSIC Rc9 (4.17t),
Rc11 (4.01t), Basmati (4.55t)
Basmati Production: 17 farmers, Average Income: P65,000.00/ha
Vegetable Production: Home consumption
Military FFS on rice production
Lead implementer of Palayamanan
Established Palayamanan Model Farm inside
military camp (For food & support villages)
Learning center for soldiers

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Palayamanan in Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM)
Inug-ug,
Inug-ug, Pagulungan,
Pagulungan,
Maguindanao
Maguindanao
Food
Food For
For Peace
Peace Program
Program

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 Palayamanan for Indigenous People
Upian,Davao
Upian, Davao

Community
Community Food
Food Plan
Plan

• Communal Vegetable Production:

Income used for weekly “Pahina”
• Backyard Vegetable Production: For
family consumption
• Backyard Animal Production: Duck
eggs used for family consumption
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 A new day… A new hope begins

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 A new day… A new hope begins

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Saganang
Pagkain Po!