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‡ Physics is the science of understanding
forces
‡ A force is a push or pull. It has both
direction and magnitude (strong/weak)
‡ General forces include gravity and
friction
‡ Elastic forces include compression,
tension, and torque
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‡ Gravity is a force that pulls towards the
center of the Earth
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‡ Weight is a force that is a measure of
gravity¶s pull on an object

Turkey

Scale
ã 
  

To calculate the weight force of gravity¶s

pull on an object, multiply mass by gravity:

1. Convert mass in grams to kilograms (move

the decimal to the left three places)

2. Multiply by gravity which on Earth is 9.8

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‡ The unit for all forces is the Newton (N)

‡ Named after Isaac Newton, the famous
physicist
 


If mass = 215 g If mass = 1.2 g

force = .215 x 9.8 force = .0012 x 9.8
= 2.107 = 0.01176
= 2.1 N = 0.01 N
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 ° 

‡ Gravity increases with mass

Large Mass
More Gravity

Small Mass
Less Gravity

‡Gravity decreases with distance

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 ° 

‡Think of gravity as massive objects
creating warps in the fabric of space
È
 ° 

 Newton vs Einstein
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‡ Two forces are always opposing

motion:
 Gravity
 riction
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‡ Gravity is a force that slows upward
and trajectory (on a path) motion by
pulling objects towards the Earth

Gravity slows Gravity slows forward motion

upward motion
° 

 
‡ Gravity pulls all objects to the Earth at the same rate
no matter if they are dropped or shot from a gun
  
 
‡ riction is a force that opposes motion
between touching surfaces

Motion
orce
riction
orce
It is hard to walk without friction
   
 
‡ The space shuttle and meteors (shooting stars) have
air friction between their surface and our atmosphere
  
 

‡ riction creates
heat and wears
out objects

Hip Replacement
   
 

‡ Lubrication, such as
oil and grease, help
reduce friction
  
 

‡ There are two basic types of

friction: static and kinetic.
‡ Static friction is the stronger
force of the two.
  
 

‡ Static friction occurs before

movement takes place - it
resists movement.

Motion
orce
riction
orce
  
 

‡ Kinetic friction occurs during

movement - it tries to slow or
stop movement.

Motion
orce
riction
orce
 Example Question
What two forces oppose the motion of this bike?

Gravity
orce
Motion
riction orce
orce
  

ã
 
‡ orces come
together from
opposite directions ´

(crushing a can)  

 
  

 
K 
‡ orces applied in opposite
directions (tug of war)
  
 

K  
‡ A twisting force
(the µO¶ in torque)