Arranged by 2nd Group :

♥ Dianing Eka Puspitasari (100341400720)

♥ Oktavia Astiana (100341400685)
♥ Ndzani Latifatur Rofi’ah (100341400702)
♥ Rulyana Salma Rosadha (100341400687)
♥ Lina Arfiani (100314400692)
♥ Din Hadi Shofyan (100341400681)
 PLATYCERIUM BIFURCATUM
(TUMBUHAN PAKU TANDUK RUSA)
CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Pteridophyta
Class : Pteridopsida
Ordo : Polypodiales
Family: Polypodiaceae
Genus : Platycerium
Speciees :Platycerium bifurcatum
 Platycerium bifurcatum, the Elkhorn fern, occurs naturally in
New Guinea, and along the coasts of Queensland and New South
Wales.
It belongs in the family Polypodiaceae, which has 10 genera and
26 species.
DERIVATION OF THE NAME
 Platycerium - is derived from the Greek words platys
meaning "flat" and ceras meaning "a horn", referring to the
shape of the fronds.

 bifurcatum - means to fork into two branches, again,

referring to the shape of the fronds.
 HABITAT
Platycerium sp. is a type of plant epiphytes, plants that

attach to the object or another tree without harming the

host plant. Platycerium sp. like a place that does not

directly get sunlight.

P. bifurcatum plants require a shady area to grow in, and

need to be kept moist.

 P. stemaria
P. elephantotis

P.andinum
P. superbum
MORPHOLOGY OF PLATYCERIUM
Stem form of rhizome soft but wiry and
difficult to cut
Leaf with two type:

• Always sterile and erect a

FIRST shield-shaped
• Dry in conditions of less
TYPE water

• Dangling from the

SECOND "center" the first type
leaf resembles with deer
TYPE antlers shape
SPORE OF PLATYCERIUM
Spores contained in sporangia protected by a
"sorry" that grew gather on the underside of
the leaves, causing brown vlek on leaves.
 HOW DO FERNS
(STAGHORN)REPRODUCE ?
Reproduction of ferns is more complicated if compared with
other vascular plants. Reproduction process will only occur if
enough water content in the environment of his life until the
reproductive process is complete. Consequently ferns will not
reproduce if the water levels in the environment less.

Ferns have two body forms namely form gametophyte (n),

and form sporofit (2n). Reproduction occurs by way of
rotation sporofit descent with a known descendant
gametophyte in terms metagenesis.
Gametophyte generation characteristics:
1. Spores that fell in damp areas will grow into
prothalium
2. Prothalium is a heart-shaped slabs, on the surface
of the bottom of the rhizoid, the upper surface there
are gametes (antheridia and archegonia)
Sporofit generation characteristics:
1. Formed from the fusion of male gametes (sperm)
and female gametes (ova)
2. Young ferns that grow into adult nail on
gametophyte
3. Ferns grown produce two types of leaves of
leaves and leaf sporofil tropofil
4. is the most dominant phase, and long-lived
Ferns body structure
Leaves nails grow from leaf stems called Frond
bone, and whole leaf in a leaf stalk is called the
pinna.
If observed on the surface of the leaf (Frond) there is a form of black
dots called sorus, sporangia in sorus there is a collection which is a
place or container from the spores. Figure below shows sporangia
incorporated in the structure of the sorus (plural sorry).
 
Not all leaves have a sorus nails (sorry), leaves the nail that has a
sorus is a fertile leaf called sporofil leaves, leaves that do not have a
sorus nails called sterile leaves. This leaves only contain chlorophyll
and widely used for the process of photosynthesis. The leaves are
called leaf tropofil.
Structure sorus

The outside of the sorus-shaped thin membrane

called the indusium. The interior of the sorus
sporangium there is a collection which contains
thousands of spores.
If the leaf sporofil (fertile leaves) were placed on
the surface of plain paper, then the spore will look
like black powder, brown, red, yellow or green
depending on plant species nail. Each spore will
grow into adult nail through a complex process.

How do spores grow?

Spores are falling suitable place will grow into a

sheet-shaped body called prothalium or
gametophyte. Spore-like seeds in higher plants.
Seeds that grow into a mature plant, while the
spores grow into prothalium or gametophyte.
Gametophyte is very small only half an inch and can be
observed using a magnifying instrument such as loup.
Gametophyte has two sets of reproductive organs,
antheridium (male) and archegonium (female).
Antheridium archegonium containing the sperm and the
egg cell contains, respectively located on the surface
gametofitnya. Sperm will move towards the egg cell in
a state if the environment moist.

When sperm meets an egg cell occurred merging the

genetic material of cells produced with the complete
genetic material. These cells merged (zygote) is the
beginning of plant growth spikes. Zygote is located
within and protected by the structure of the
gametophyte, then will grow into adult sporofit or
nails.
The Example of Staghorns that use as garnish in the
garden
 Spores n Spores
n

GAMETOFIT

Male Protalium Female Protalium

Anteridium n n Arkegonium

Spermatozid Ova

Ziygote

Young Platycerium

2n

Old Platycerium
Sporofit

Sporangium
THE FUNCTION OF SPIKE HORN DEER
 Common ornamental
plant that kept people
in the yard, stuck in a
tree or hung to give the
impression of nature in
the park. Tillers that
grow can be separated
from their parents
carefully and placed
on other places
THANK YOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ... >.<