Professional Documents
Culture Documents
An Overview
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Overview
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Dilemmas Realities
Qs Analyze Educational
ab out
Val objectives
ue
of I Determine Objective for ICT
C Ts •Vendors
Monolithic
Understand Potential of ICTs
Decision •Belief
Maker •Parents
Automatic
Examine suitability of ICTs
Myths •Doubt
Plan program of investment
•Business
Computers
•Wait prerequisites
Implement
and • Substitute
Techies
corequisites
Evaluate and adjust
res continuously
s u
res
P
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Necessity of ICTs
Effective Learning
•Globalization of
•Economy
•Information
• Tech Innovations For All
• Knowledge-based
•Economy
•Society
Anytime
•Escalating Demand
for Education
Anywhere
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ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Learning Objectives
Learning Objective Technology
Text Audio Video Computer Internet
Storage or display x x x x x
Exploration x x x x x
Application x x x
Analysis x x
Evaluation x x x x x
Constructing or design of x x x
project
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ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs for Teaching Objectives
Teaching Objective Technology
Presentation x x x x x
Demonstration x x x x x
Research x x x x x
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ICTs for What Purpose
ICTs and the School
Technologies on Location Technologies at a Distance
Printed matter Correspondence
Slides, transparencies
Scanners
Audiotapes Radio
Films and videos TV broadcasts
Digital books Web pages
CDs Web: Internet, intranet
Computer projection Webcast
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Access
Community
Efficiency
Linkages
Potential
Planning & Of Learning
Management ICTs
Lifelong
Teaching
Learning
Skill Formation
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Potential:
1. Expanding Educational Opportunities
• Radio Broadcast
• Interactive Radio Instruction
• Television
• Virtual Schools
• Virtual Universities
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Potential:
2. Increasing Efficiency
Issues Solutions
Dual Shift Systems Broadcast Radio
Multigrade Schools Interactive Radio
Small Urban or Educational TV
Rural Schools Virtual Online
Flexibility in Courses
Learning Schedule
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Potential:
3. Enhancing Quality of Learning
Potential Solutions
• Motivate and engage learners • Radio and TV
• Bring life to concepts and processes • Multimedia Learning
• Foster inquiry Modules
• Provide flexibility • Virtual Labs
• Allow application of information • Connecting to the Worlds
• Provide access to world of • Designing and Creating
information Things
• Bring the world into the classroom
• Offer collaborative opportunities
and communication
• Offer tutored and individualized
learning
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Potential:
4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching
Issues Solutions
• Difficult Profession • Multimedia Training
• No One-Shot Training and Support System
• Continuum • Training Videos
Initial Training • Teacher Development
Lifelong Upgrading Portal
Connecting • Internet Resources
for Teachers
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Potential:
5. Facilitating Skill Formation
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Potential:
6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning
Issues Solutions
Workers need to learn Radio and TV
new skills Multimedia Packages
Modern societies demand
Online Courses
constant updating
Open Universities
The “educated” can
become obsolete “Third Age” Universities
Life-cycle pattern is
changing
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Potential:
7. Improving Policy Planning & Management
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Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)
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Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants
140
120
100
60
40
20
0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
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Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants
6000
5000
Internet Hosts/10,000
4000 inhabitants
Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants
3000
2000
1000
0
Africa America w/o US US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD
& Canada
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Potential:
8. Advancing Community Linkages
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Radio Stations and Receivers
Suitcase Radio Station
Crank/Solar
Radio
Crank Radio
Digital
Satellite
Radio
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Telecenters
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Women-Friendly Telecenters
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Potential
Prerequisites
Corequisites
Effectiveness
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From Potential to Effectiveness
1. Educational Policy
2. Approach to ICTs
3. Infrastructure
4. ICT-Enhanced Content
5. Committed and Trained Personnel
6. Financial Resources
7. Integration
8. Piloting and Evaluation
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Conclusion
X
• To Tech or not to Tech Education
ICTs
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“We do not think anymore of the
spectacle of printing every time we
read a book, the phenomenon of TV
every time we watch a movie, or the
miracle of the telephone every time we
make a call.
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The End
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Levels of ICTs for Different Learning
Objectives and Roles of Learners
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Constructing or
design of
Project
Evaluation
Levels of ICTs
Analysis
Application
Exploration
LEARNER’S ROLE
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Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and
Roles of Teachers
TEACHING OBJECTIVE
Management of
Student Learning
Collaboration/Co
mmunication
Levels of ICTs
Research
Animation/
Simulation
Drill & Practice
Demonstration
Presentation Provider Facilitator
TEACHER’S ROLE
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Infrastructure
Wind Power Generator
Solar Energy
Namibia Schoolnet
Pedal Power Generator
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5. Costing and Budgeting
Total Cost of Ownership
Acquisition - hardware and software
Installation and configuration
Connectivity
Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment
Supplies: 8-10%
Utilities: 4-8%
Computer training 5-10%
Retrofitting of physical facilities
replacement costs (5-7 years)
31-48%
Additional Costs
Acquisition and creation of content materials
Orientation and training of staff
Testing, evaluation and adjustment
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