Economic Growth And Environmental

Sustainability
The Philippines

CASE STUDY
Outline
• Introduction of Case
• Beyond the Ten point Agenda:
• Long term Economic Development Goals
• More Than Seven thousand Islands
Introduction
• This study is about the state of Philippines natural
resources and environment during the early years of 21st
Century.
Introduction
• After the 1992 Earth Summit
• Philippines launched its own version of agenda
21, known as
“ Sustainable Development Framework”
Referred to as
“ PA 21”
P = Philippines
A = Agenda
21= Twenty First Century
Introduction
• This agenda took off during the presidency of Fiedel Valdez
Ramos and continued during the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
presidency.
Introduction
• The status of PA 21 in addressing
• Civil Society.
• Environmental Management.
• Sustainable Development Concerns.
Introduction
• There is a strong link between
• Poverty
• Fertility
• Malnourishment
• Environmental Damage
• Civil Struggle
Introduction
• Partha Dasgupta has emphasized that traditional and
resource economics is not sufficient to explain the
needs of developing world.
Introduction
• Dasgupta stresses that the gap
between rich and poor nation is
so wide that attempts at
analyzing LDC circumstances
using MDC premises becomes
irrevelnt and often inappropriate.
Introduction
• Philippines has recorded average GDP growth rate of
just 3.1% for 30 years to 2004 along with
• Low saving
• High population growth
• High unemployment
• Pale performance of agricultural sector
• Weak Governance
Introduction
• Paul Hutchcroft referred to the Philippines as a
“Longstanding development BOG“ because it was
experiencing low and even negative rates of
economic growth compared to many neighbor
countries in 1980-1990s
Beyond the Ten point Agenda
• President Macapagal-Arroyo set ten point Agenda when
she took office in 2001.
• Job creation
• Providing scholarship opportunities
• Educational facilities
• Balancing the budget
• Decentralization
• Universal provision of electricity and water
• Decongestion of metropolitan Manila
• Development of international service
Beyond the Ten point Agenda
• Logistics centers
• Automation of the electoral process
• Political reconciliation
Beyond the Ten point Agenda
• There is strong correlation between development and
environmental consequences has long been recognized.

Industrialization
Air Pollution
Urbanization
Economic growth
Water pollution
Development
Beyond the Ten point Agenda
More than Seven thousand Islands
• The Philippines archipelago covers approximately
300000 square Kilometers of Land area in south east
asia between the Philippine Sea and the south china
sea.
• The three main island groups are:
• Luzon
• Visayas
• Mindanao
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
More than Seven thousand Islands
• The country sits astride a typhoon belt and is hit by 20 to 30
typhoons annually.Other natural hazards include landslides,
active volcano and earthquakes.
More than Seven thousand Islands
• The Country gained its independence in 1946
• A popular revolution in 1986 ousted Ferdinand Marcos
the dictator who ruled for 21 years. Corazon Aquino
replaced him as president.
More than Seven thousand Islands
• Philippines has 74% of world’s mangrove species.
More than Seven thousand Islands
• Philippines has 98% of coral species
More than Seven thousand Islands
• Philippines has 67% of species in the major
group of animals and plants not found else
where in the world.
• 6% of the world’s birds
• 5% of flora species
• 4% of mammals.
More than Seven thousand Islands
• The country is thus abundantly blessed with a diverse
and ecologically rich environment however the situation
of Philippine environment is dismal.
• Environmental degradation and overexploitation of
natural resources have resulted in state of decline.
Environmental degradation
THANKS