Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
BUDGET DEFINITION
•Allocation of money
•Statement of receipt and expenditure
•A plan of activities in a time period
•Relating cost to available resources
PURPOSE OF BUDGETING
• Identification of activities
• Identifications of 4 Ms
• Costing of resources/bases of
costing trends, inflation etc
• Presentation as per guidelines
• Getting approval from C/authority
TYPES OF BUDGETING
Line Item budget
Traditional budget
activities oriented
being used in education
Performance budget
Management oriented
Compare actual and estimated result
Unit cost
Objective oriented
PPBS
Output oriented budget
Based on system approach
Functions
Taxonomic, Classification of activities wrt objectives and goals
Analytical, compare cost with outcomes find out alternates
Projective long range planning of inputs
Steps of PPBS
1. Situation analysis
2. Judging suitability of planned activities in the
achievements of the activities
3. Look for alternatives to achieve objectives set up a
hierarchy of program
4. Allocate inputs
5. Phase of inputs for each programmers
6. Prepare budget with
- Item wise programme
- matching the actual and planned output
- planning inputs for future
7. Setting up a machinery for review and analysis of
achievements of objectives
Annual budget
• Once a year
Supplement Budget
• Any time
Non Recurring Budget
• For building etc
Recurring Budget
• For salaries etc
Deficit/Deficiency budget
• To overcome the deficit if any
Special Budget
• For special funds
Zero Based Budget
• A fresh attempt to make budget with no previous
commitments
BUDGET PROCEDURE IN PAKISTAN
• Formulation, revenue and expenditure statement
by M/O finance previous years estimates plus
10% increase priority to ongoing projects.
• Implementation by concerned
Ministry/department etc