BY :-

NAME:-ANKUR VERMA
 INTRODUCTION
A touchscreen is a display that can

detect the presence and location of a

touch within the display area.
The term generally refers to touch or
contact to the display of the device by
a finger or hand.
Touchscreen can also sense other
passive objects, such as a stylus.
 The touchscreen has two main attributes:

1. It enables one to interact with what is displayed

directly on the screen, where it is displayed,
rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad.
2. It lets one do so without requiring any
intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that
needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can
be attached to computers or, as terminals, to
networks.
 History
 Touchscreens emerged from academic and corporate
research labs in the second half of the 1960s.
 One of the first places where they gained some
visibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted
learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the
PLATO project.
 The HP-150 from 1983 was probably the world's
earliest commercial touchscreen computer.
 It doesn't actually have a touchscreen in the strict
sense, but a 9" Sony CRT surrounded by infrared
transmitters and receivers which detect the position of
any non-transparent object on the screen.
Development

These devices also allow multiple users to interact

with the touchscreen simultaneously.
The development of multipoint touchscreen
facilitated the tracking of more than one finger on the
screen, thus operations that require more than one
finger are possible.
With the influence of the multi-touch-enabled
iPhone and the Nintendo DS, the touchscreen market
for mobile devices produced 5 billion in 2009.
Touch screen technology
Main touch screen components:
1 Touch sensor

2 Controller
3 Software driver

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 TOUCH SENSOR.
A touch sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive
surface .
The sensor generally has an electrical signal going through it and
touching the screen causing a signal change.
The signal change is used to determine the location of the touch to the
screen.
 CONTROLLER
 The controller is
small PC card that
connects between
the touch sensor
and PC.
 It takes information
from the touch
sensor and translate
in to information that
PC can understand.
 SOFTWARE DRIVER
The driver is a software that allows the
touch screen and computer to work
together.
It tells the operating system how to
interpret the touch event information that
sent from the controller.
Most of the touch screen drivers today
are mouse emulation type driver .
 Construction

There are several principal ways to build a touchscreen:

In the most popular techniques, the capacitive or resistive approach,
manufactures coat the screen with a thin, transparent metallic layer.
 When a user touches the surface, the system records the change in the
electrical current that flows through the display.
TYPES OF TOUCHSCREEN
 Resistive Touch screen
 Surface wave Touch screen
 Capacitive Touch screen
*Surface capacitive
*Projected capacitive
 Near Field Imaging Touch screen
 Infrared Touch screen

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 Technologies
The types of technologies that can be found are as
follows:

Resistive:

● The resistive touch screen

uses a glass panel with a
uniform conductive
ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)
coating on the side surface.

● A PET film is a tightly

suspended over the ITO
coating surface of a glass
panel.
Working Principle:

● When the screen is touched, it pushes the conductive ITO coating on

the PET film. That results the electrical contact, producing the voltages.
It presents the position touched.

● Resistive touchscreen deliver cost-effective, consistent and durable

performance
 Capacitive:

Capacitive touchscreen is a four multi-layer glass.

Small amount of voltage is applied to the electrodes on the four corners
 A human body is an electric conductor, so when touched the screen
with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a voltage
drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the four
corners.
The capacitive system has very long life (about 225 million clicks).
 Comparison of Technologies:
Technology Resistive SAW Infrared Capacitive

Durability: 5 years 5 years 3 years 2 years

Stability: High Higher High Ok

Transparency: Ok Good Good Ok

Touch: Anything Finger/ pen Sharp Conductive

Response time: <10ms 10ms <20ms <15ms

Advantages & Disadvantages:
Advantages:
User friendly.
Fast response.
Error free input.
Easy to install.
Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip pointer
to operate.
Easy to clean and maintain.
Compatible with Windows, Macintosh and Linux.
Does not interfere mouse and keyboard function.
Make computing easy, powerful and fun.
 Disadvantages:
1)Finger stress: Stress on human fingers when used for more than a
few minutes at a time. (for example, ATMs).

2)Fingerprints: Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of

fingerprints on the display.

3)User has to sit closer to the screen as compared to external keyboard.

4) The screen may be covered more by using hand.

 Applications
Public Access:

 Museums
 Library resource guides
 Corporate information
 Public Transportation Schedule / Status
Airport terminal passenger internet and email
systems
Automated travel and entertainment ticket
dispensers
Shopping mall directory
 Business
 Gas stations
 Point of sales
 Restaurants
 Grocery stores
 Hospital and hotel directories (check-in,
registration)
 Banks and Financial Reporting
 Bank cash advance and teller machines
FUTURE OF TOUCH SCREEN
TECHNOLOGY
Conclusion:
Designers are trying to use touchscreen to simplify input
commands for largely unsophisticated computer users.

Today, a larger share of population is PC literate, yet the

touchscreen has become adopted by computer users of all
abilities because it is simple, fast, and innovative.

In future there is no usage of mouse and keyboards as they will

be replaced by touchscreens.