Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hydrogen Economy
Professor K M Thomas
Lecture 1
Hydrogen
• Fossil fuels are a pre-existing source
of energy.
• Hydrogen does not come as a pre-
existing source of energy
• It is a carrier. Hydrogen can be
made from both renewable and non-
renewable energy sources.
Why are we considering the possibility
of the hydrogen economy?
• We are close to, or at, peak oil
production
• Future decline in petroleum reserves
• Future high cost of petroleum
• Security of supply
• Climate change
• Environmental benefits
Drivers
The use of hydrogen energy for
transport applications will lead to
lower…
• use of fossil fuels
• CO2 emissions
• Climate change
• Pollution
and improved
• Energy security / diversity / flexibility
• New industries
Future Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Chain
J W Gosselink (2002). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 27 1125-1129
Current Hydrogen Use
• Hydrogen is widely used in industry
where safety issues and use can be
controlled. It is distributed in
pipelines over a limited area to
different chemical processes.
• The problems arise in the use of
hydrogen for transport applications
• Storage of hydrogen with a 300 mile
refuelling range is an unsolved problem
• Why?
fuel + [ O2(g) ] [ CO2(g) ] + [ H2O(l) ] + energy
32.79
Calculation of Parameters in
Table
Thermodynamic data (298 K)
HfH2O(l) = -285.8 kJ mol-1
HfH2O(g) = -241.8 kJ mol-1
HfCO2(g) = -393.5 kJ mol-1
HfCH4(g) = -74.6 kJ mol-1
5 kg H2 gas (ambient)
~ 5 m diameter vessel
Physical storage
Molecular hydrogen (H2)
Chemical storage
Atomic / ionic / covalent hydrogen
optimum ?
Hydrogen Storage Problems
• Cylinders: Materials problems are an issue above
500 bar, can the cylinder be filled easily, quickly
and safely
• Materials Storage
Adsorption: Only works at cryogenic temperatures
Hydrides: High desorption temperatures
Chemical methods: regeneration of materials
Hydrogen storage where volume
is not an issue
The Ross Barlow Hydrogen Hybrid Canal Boat
Launched 21 September 2007
Public Perception of Hydrogen
• Most people accept the argument for reducing CO 2
emissions; but few think that their own contribution
can make a difference; they hold government,
business and even other end-consumers primarily
responsible
• Regular motorists - especially those with families –
are reluctant to change behaviour than those
already ‘converted’ (to public transport, cycling, etc)
• Most people accept that hydrogen energy may have
a part in the sustainable energy future.
• Volume sustainable production and distribution of
hydrogen would enable current car use to continue if
shift to public transport unachievable.
• Slides will be put on Blackboard today