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Drilling Engineering
Lesson 15
Torque and Drag
Calculations
Slide 1 of 62
Torque and Drag Calculations
Friction
Logging
Hook Load
Lateral Load
Torque Requirements
Examples
Slide 2 of 62
HW #8
Well Survey
due 11-04-02
Slide 3 of 62
Friction - Stationary
• Horizontal surface N
• No motion
• No applied force
Fy = 0
N=W
W
• Velocity, V > 0
N F
• V = constant
• Force along surface
W
N=W
F = N = W
Slide 5 of 62
Frictionless, Inclined, Straight Wellbore:
1. Consider
a section
of pipe
in the
wellbore.
Slide 7 of 62
Effect of Friction (no doglegs):
Slide 8 of 62
Effect of Friction (no doglegs):
T W cos I Ff
so T W cos I Ff
Slide 10 of 62
Problem 1
Slide 11 of 62
Solution
I 68.2
Note: cot I
Slide 13 of 62
Problem 2
Slide 14 of 62
Problem 2 - Solution - Force
(a) What force will it take to move this pipe along
the horizontal section of the wellbore?
N
F=? F=0
W
N = W = 30 lb/ft * 8,000 ft = 240,000 lb
F = N = 0.3 * 240,000 lb = 72,000 lb
N=W T=F*d
F = N
Slide 19 of 62
Problem 3
Slide 21 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - Rotating
HL HL 2000 HL8000
0.5
lb lb
30 * 2000 ft 30 * 8000 ft * cos 60
ft ft
60,000 lbf 120,000 lbf
N = 30 * 8,000 * sin 60
= 207,846 lbf
Slide 24 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - Lowering
Thus, F8000 = N
= 0.3 * 207,846 = 62,352 lbf
Slide 25 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - Raising
Slide 26 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - Summary
ROT
RIH
POH
MD
ft
Slide 27 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
Torque
N W sin I
Force * Arm
F N
d
Ff *
2
Slide 28 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
2 12
Slide 30 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - Rotating
Assume “Equilibrium”
at angle as shown.
N W sin I sin
Solving equations (6) & (7)
N W sin I cos
tan
1
tan ( ) (8)
Slide 32 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
(ii) continued
Taking moments about the center of the pipe:
d
T Ff *
2
Evaluating the problem at hand:
1 1
From Eq. (8), tan ( ) tan (0.3)
16.70
Slide 33 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
Ff 59.724 lbf
Slide 34 of 62
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
d
From Eq. (9), T Ff *
2
7 1
59,724 * *
2 12
Torque 17,420 ft - lbf
Slide 35 of 62
Solution to Problem 3
Slide 36 of 62
Solution to Problem 3
d
T W sin I sin
2
7
30 * 8000 * sin60 * sin 16.70 *
24
T 17,420 ft - lbf
Slide 37 of 62
Solution to Problem 3
(i) T = 18,187
(ii) T = 17,420
Slide 38 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
Slide 39 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
N W sin I 2T sin (10)
2
Slide 40 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
Falong tangent : (T T) cos 2 W cos I T cos 2 0
T cos W cos I
2
cos 1 (11)
2
Slide 41 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (10)&(11)
T WcosI
Slide 42 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
B. Including Friction
While lowering pipe (RIH)
(as above)
N W sin I 2T sin
2
T W cos I N
B. Including Friction
While raising pipe (POH)
T W cos I N
T W cos I ( W sin I 2T sin )
2 (13)
d d
Torque N ( W sin I 2T sin )
2 2 2
(14)
Slide 44 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
Slide 45 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
A. Neglecting Friction
(e.g. pipe rotating)
F along normal : W sinI T T sin T sin N 0
2 2
W sin I 2T sin T sin N 0
2 2
N W sin I 2T sin
2
Slide 46 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
Falong tangent : (T T) cos 2 W cos I T cos 2 0
T cos W cos I
2
cos 1 (16)
2
Slide 47 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (15)&(16)
T WcosI
Slide 48 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
B. Including Friction
While lowering pipe (RIH)
N W sin I 2T sin
2 (15)
T W cos I N
T W cos I W sin I 2T sin
2 (17)
Slide 49 of 62
Effect of Doglegs
T W cos I N
i.e. T WcosI WsinI - 2Tsin
2 (18)
d d
Torque N W sin I 2T sin
2 2 2 (19)
Slide 50 of 62
Problem #4 - Curved Wellbore with Friction
= 0.25
Slide 51 of 62
Problem
#4
- Curved
Wellbore
with
Friction
T = 100,000 lbf
Slide 52 of 62
Evaluate the Following:
(a) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft. up the hole
if the pipe is rotating?
(b) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft up the hole
if the pipe is being lowered into the hole?
(c) What is the axial tension in the pipe 100 ft up the hole if
the pipe is being pulled out of the hole?
Slide 53 of 62
Solution 4(a) - Rotating
60 68
IAVG
2
IAVG 64 o
lb
30 *100ft * cos 64
ft
1,315 lbf
N 16,648 lbf
Slide 56 of 62
Solution 4 (b)
T W cos I N
Slide 57 of 62
Solution 4(b) - Lowering
T68 = 97,153 lbf
From equation 12,
N W sin I 2T sin
2
N 30 *100 * sin 64 2 *100,000 * sin 4
2,696 13,951
N 16,648 lbf
Slide 59 of 62
Solution 4 (c)
T W cos I N
Slide 60 of 62
Solution 4(c) - Raising
T68 = 105,477 lbf
From equation 12,
5477 lbf
T68 100,000 5477 (T T) T60 = 100,000 lbf
Slide 61 of 62
Solution 4(a, b and c)
SUMMARY
T60 T68
N 16,648 lbf
Slide 63 of 62
Solution 4 (d)
for 40 ft distance,
40
N centr. 16,648 *
100
6,659 lbf
i.e., Lateral load on centralizer,
lb
Note : 40 ft of pipe * 30 1200 lbf
ft
Slide 64 of 62
Alternate Approach
So, 30 ft up-hole,
T 100,000 1,315 * (30 / 100) lbf
T 100,395 lbf
Slide 65 of 62
Alternate Approach
From Eq. (10), N W sin I 2T sin
2
N 30 * 40 * sin 64 2 *100,395 * sin(1.6 )
{4 * 40/100}
1,079 5,606
N 6,685 lbf
for 40 ft centralizer spacing,
N centr. 6,685 lbf
Slide 66 of 62
Centralizer
Slide 67 of 62