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DEVELOPMENT OF
THE HEART
•Cardiac progenitor cells in
the epiblast migrate along
the primitive streak to the
lateral plate mesoderm layer
in a U-shaped manner.
•They form myoblasts &
blood islands.
•These cells unite to form 2
endocardial heart tubes.
•The vascular system
appears in the middle of the
3rd week.
•The folding of the embryo
leads to fusion of the 2 tubes
forming one primitive heart
tube.
• The heart tube is
suspended in the pericardial
cavity by dorsal
mesocardium which
disappear later leaving a
spasce known as the
transverse sinus of the
pericardium
Formation of cardiac loop:
• The heart tube elongates & bends
on day 23.
• The cephalic portion bends
ventrally & caudally & the atrial
caudal portion is shifted
dorsocranially & to the left.
• This bending creates the cardiac
loop which is completed by day 28
Formation of primitive heart
chambers:
• 3 constrictions appear in the
cardiac loop dividing it into 4
chambers:
• From below upwards they
include:
1) Sinus venosus.
2) Primitive atrium.
3) Primitive ventricle.
4) Bulbus cordis.
Development of the
definitive heart
chambers
THE SINUS VENOSUS:
The sinus venosus is formed of a median part & 2
lateral horns.
Each horn receives 3 veins:
1) Common cardinal vein: Receives blood from the
whole body.
2) Umbilical vein: Receives blood from the placenta.
3) Vitelline vein: Receives blood from the yolk sac.
- Anastomosing veins connect the veins of the Rt.
& Lt. sides of the body & shift blood from the Lt.
to the Rt. veins.
- The Rt. horn enlarges in size while the Lt. one
becomes small
FATE OF SINUS VENOSUS:
2) Persistent truncus
arteriosus due to
failure of
development of
aortico-pulmonary
septum.
3) Transposition of great
vessels: The aorta
arises from the right
ventricle & the
pulmonary trunk from
the left ventricle due
to development of the
aortico-pulmonary
septum in a straight
manner.
ANOMALIES OF THE VALVES
ATRESIA OF TRICUSPID
VALVE
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