What is synchronous speed?

Explain the difference between leakage flux and fringing flux.

Write the different types of induced emfs and give examples.
Why is the rating of transformer given in kVA?
What is Sumpner s test? What is the advantage of Sumpner s test over OC and SC tests
on a transformer?
Define voltage regulation of a transformer.
Why do all practical energy conversion devices make use of magnetic field as the
coupling medium rather than the electric field?
Write the energy balance equation for a motor and a generator
Why do all practical energy conversion devices make use of magnetic field as the
coupling medium rather than the electric field?
Write the energy balance equation for a motor.
Define winding factor.
Write the emf equation of a synchronous generator.
What is the function of yoke in a dc machine?
What is back emf in a motor?
State the assumptions made while obtaining mmf space wave of a single phase dist
ributed ac winding.
What are the advantage and disadvantages of Swinburne s test?
What are the conditions for parallel operation of DC generators?

PART B
1. i. the core of an electromagnet is made of an iron rod of 1cm diameter, bent
into a circle of mean diameter 10cm, a radial airgap of 1mm being left between t
he ends of the rod. Calculate the direct current needed in coilof 2000 turns uni
formly spaced around the core to produce a magnetic flux of 0.2mwb in the airgap
. Assume that the relative permeability of the iron is 150, that the magnetic le
akage factor is 1.2 and that the air gap is parallel.
ii. An iron magnetic circuit has an uniform cross-sectional area of 4cm2 and a l
ength of 25cm. a coil of 125 turns is wound uniformly over the magnetic circuit.
When the current in the coil is 1.5A the total flux developed is 0.3 mwb. Find
the relative permeability of the iron.
2.i) A steel ring of 25 cm mean diameter and of circular section 3 cm in dia has
an airgap of 1.5mm length.It is wound uniformly with 700 turns of wire carrying
a current of 2A.Calculate mmf,flux density ,magnetic flux ,reluctance and rela
tive permeability of steel ring.
ii) An air cored solenoid of mean diameter 5 Cm is 80 cm long. It is wound with
1200 turns. Calculate the inductance .if the current flowing in the coil on the
solenoid is changed from 5A to -5A in 0.03 secs,find the emf induced in the coil
.
3.What are hysteresis and eddy current losses? What is their sign
ificance in the
operation of electric machines?
ii. The magnetic circuit of Fig.1 has a cast steel core. The cross-sectional ar
ea of the central limb is 800 mm2 and that of each outer limb is 600mm2. Calcul
ate the exciting current needed to set up a flux of 0.8 mWb in the air-gap. Negl
ect magnetic leakage and fringing. The field Strength N(H), when flux densities
0.667 Wb/m2 and 1Wb/m2 are 700 and 1000 respectively.

4.i) A steel ring of 25 cm mean diameter and of circular section 3 cm in dia has
an airgap of 1.5mm length.It is wound uniformly with 700 turns of wire carrying
a current of 2A.Calculate mmf,flux density ,magnetic flux ,reluctance and rela
tive permeability of steel ring.
ii)An air cored solenoid of mean diameter 5 Cm is 80 cm long. It is wound with
 1200 turns .Calculate the inductance .if the current flowing in the coil on the
solenoid is changed from 5A to -5A in 0.03 secs,find the emf induced in the c

b) i.A 20kVA, 2000/200V, 50Hz transformer is operated at no-load on rated voltag

e, the input being 150W at 0.12pf. when its operated at rated load, the voltage
drops in the total leakage reactance and the total resistance are, respectively,
2% and 1% of the rated voltage. Determine the input power and power factor when
the transformers delivers 10kW at 200V at 0.8p.f lagging to a load on the LV si
de.
ii. Derive the equivalent circuit of transformer.
6.Draw and explain the Equivalent circuit of a single transformer.
ii) The emf per turn of a Single phase 2200/220V,50 Hz transformer 12 V
.calculate (1)the number of primary and secondary turns and (2)the net cross sec
tional area of core for a maximum flux density of 0.054 Wb.
7.i) Find the all day efficiency of a 500 KVA distribution transforme
r whose iron loss and full load copper loss are 1.5 Kw and 6 kw respectively .i
n a day ,it is loaded as follows .

Duration Output in KW Power factor

6 400 0.8
10 300 0.75
4 100 0.8
4 0 -
ii) Write short note on parallel operation of a transformer.

a) i. Derive the expression for co-energy in multiple excited system.

ii. Derive the explain for magnetic stored energy in single excited system.
9.b) i. Two coupled coils have self and mutual inductance of L11 = 3+0.5x; L22 =
2+0.5x; L12 = L21=0.3x over a certain range of linear displacement x. first coi
l is excited by a constant current of 15A & the second by a constant current of
-8A. Find
1. Mechanical work done if x changes from 0.6 to 1m.
2. Energy supplied by each electrical source in part (a).
ii. Draw the i-( curve and write the significance of co-energy.
10. i. Derive the expression for magnetic stored energy for a singly excited
system.
ii. Explain the i-( characteristics of a magnetic system. Also derive the ex
pression for co energy
density. Assume the i-( relationship of the magnetic circuit is lin
ear
11a) i. Prove that mmf wave of a single phase ac winding is pulsating or standin
g.
ii. Derive the expression for the r.m.s value of e.m.f. induced in ac machines.
b) i. Prove that the resultant mmf wave of three phase ac winding is rotating in
space with speed ( but its magnitude is constant.
ii. Derive the torque equation in round rotor machines.
12. i)Explain why distributed field winding is employed in cylindrical rotor s
ynchronous machine.
ii)Determine the breadth and pitch factors for a 4 pole ,3 phase winding
with 2
 slots/pole/phase,coilspan is 5 slot pitches.

13) i. Draw the performance characteristics of shunt and series generators and e
xplain them.
ii. Two DC generators are connected in parallel to supply a load of 1500A. one g
enerator has an armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and an e.m.f. of 400V while the o
ther has an armature resistacne of 0.04 ohm and an e.m.f. of 440 V. the resistan
ces of shunt fields are 100ohm and 80 ohm respectively. Calculate the currents s
upplied by the individual generators and the terminal voltage.
14.i. Derive the condition to obtain maximum efficiency of DC machines.
ii. A 60kW, 400V, DC shunt motor has 4 ii. A 60kW, 400V, DC shunt motor has 4

ii.With Schematic diagra

ms,explain the characteristics of different types DC generators.
16.Explain the speed control of DC series and shunt motors with neat sketch
es.