TURBIDIMETRY AND

NEPHELOMETRY
 TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY
Presented By -
Mr. Shaise Jacob
Faculty
Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha, Kerala
India
Email – jacobshaise@gmail.com
 » Analysis of Suspensions
NEPHELOMETRY – Measurement of scattered light
( opalescence)
TURBIDIMETRY - Measurement of transmitted
light ( turbidity )
» absorption, refraction & reflection → transmitted
Tyndall Effect ..
Scattering of light-
Turbidimetry
↨
Colorimetry
Nephelometry
↨
Fluorimetry
 NEPHELOMETRY
• ↓ concentration, uniform scattering, intensity of
scatted light proportional to conc. measured at 900
TURBIDIMETRY
• ↑ concentration, scattering not uniform, intensity of
transmitted light measured at 1800

Factors affecting measurements

• Concentration, Particle geometry, WL of incident
light, RI difference
Nephelometer
Science of Colorimeter
• Tungsten lamp
• Filters- Turbidimeter (blue filter or 530 nm)
Nephelometer (visible filter)
• Sample cells
• Detectors (photometric)
SOP
Nephelometer: Flourimeter → Nephelometer
by using a visible filter as secondary filter
TURBIDIMETER
COLORIMETER TURBIDIMETER
Similarity: Similarity:
 transmitted light measured transmitted light measured
 measured at 1800  measured at 1800

Difference: Difference:
 Absorption of radiation  Scattering of radiation
FLOURIMETRY NEPHELOMETRY
Similarity: Similarity:
 Emergent radiation  Emergent radiation
measured at 900 measured at 900

Difference:
» emitted radiation measured
» emitted radiation – longer
WL than incident light
Difference:
» Scattered radiation
measured
» emitted radiation – same
WL as that of incident light
 APPLICATIONS
1. Analysis of water
clarity, conc. of ions
2. Determination of CO2
3. Determination of inorganic substances
Sulphate – barium chloride
Ammonia – Nesslers reagent
Phosphorus – Strychine molybedate
4. Biochemical Analysis
5. Quantitative Analysis – (ppm level)
6. Miscellaneous
Water treatment plants, sewage work, refineries,
paper industry
7. Atmospheric pollution
smokes & fogs
8. Determination of mole. Wt of high polymers
9. Phase titration

NEPHLOTURBIDIMETER
Two detectors