ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

RANDHIR KUMAR
ASSTT. ENGINEER (E)
AMIE (ELECTRICAL)
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

KS
O C
S H
A L
R IC
C T
L E
E
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 विद्युत करन्ट से दो सूअरों की मौत


शिकोहाबाद: थाना क्षेत्र के अन्तर्गत आज विद्युत कर्मियों की लापरवाही फिर सामने आय गयी जिसमें दो सूअर मर गये। प्राप्त विवरण के अनुसार मुहल्ला मीरखलील निवासी दिनेश
कु मार के दो सूअर पानी पीने के लिए पथवारी मंदिर के पीछे स्थित नाली में घुसे ही थे कि विद्युत करन्ट से दोनों सूअर मर गये। जब सूअर मृत अवस्था में नाली में पड़े हुए थे तब
भी नाली में बराबर करन्ट प्रवाहित हो रहा था। बताते चले कि आज प्रातः रोजाना की तरह सफाई कर्मचारी उस समय उस नाली में घुसकर सफाई कर रहा होता तो आज वह भी
मौत के मुह में चला जाता। विद्युत कर्मियों की लापरवाही का अन्दाजा इसी से लगाया जा सकता है कि नगर में सैकड़ों ट्रान्सफार्मर खुले में रखे हुए हैं जिनके चारों ओर कोई
बेरीके टिंग नही लगाई गयी है।—-रिपोर्टर गगन बिहारी, संवादाता
ELECTRICAL SHOCK & SAFETY

 WHAT IS ELECTRICAL SHOCK?

 An electric shock occurs upon contact of a

human body with any source of voltage high
enough to cause sufficient current through
the skin, muscles or hair.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Electricity requires a complete path (circuit)

to continuously flow.

 The flow of electrons is necessarily brief when

static charges are equalized between two
objects.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Without two contact points on the body for

current to enter and exit, respectively, there
is no hazard of shock. This is why birds can
safely rest on high-voltage power lines
without getting shocked: they make contact
with the circuit at only one point.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

WHAT IS MINIMUM CURRENT?

 The minimum current a human can feel : 1
milliampere (mA).
 The current may cause tissue damage or
fibrillation if it is sufficiently high.
 Generally, currents approaching 100 mA are
lethal if they pass through sensitive portions
of the body.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

Shock effects
 Burns
 Heating due to resistance cause extensive and deep burns.
 Voltage levels of 500 to 1000 volts tend to cause internal burns
 Neurological effects
 Current can cause interference with nervous control, especially
over the heart and lungs.
 When the current path is through the head, it appears that,
with sufficient current, loss of consciousness almost always
occurs swiftly.
 Arc-flash hazards
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 It is sometimes suggested that human

lethality is most common with
alternating current at 100–250 volts;
however, death has occurred below this
range, with supplies as low as 32 volts.
Shocks above 2700 volts are often fatal, with
those above 11000 volts being usually fatal.
Shocks with voltages over 40,000 volts are
almost invariably fatal.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Ventricular Fibrillation
 A domestic power supply voltage (110 or 230 V), 50 or 60-Hz AC
current through the chest for a fraction of a second may induce
ventricular fibrillation at currents as low as 60 mA. With DC, 300 to
500 mA is required.
 If the current has a direct pathway to the heart (e.g., via a
cardiac catheter or other kind of electrode), a much lower current
of less than 1 mA (AC or DC) can cause fibrillation.
 If not immediately treated by defibrillation, fibrillations are usually
lethal because all the heart muscle cells move independently
instead of in the coordinated pulses needed to pump blood to
maintain circulation. Above 200 mA, muscle contractions are so
strong that the heart muscles cannot move at all.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 The resistance of human skin varies from

person to person and fluctuates between
different times of day. In general, dry skin is a
poor conductor that may have a resistance of
around 100,000 Ω, while broken or wet skin
may have a resistance of around 1,000 Ω.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Point of entry
 Macroshock: Current across intact skin and through the
body. Current from arm to arm, or between an arm and
a foot, is likely to traverse the heart, therefore it is
much more dangerous than current between a leg and
the ground. This type of shock by definition must pass
into the body through the skin.
 Microshock: Direct current path to the heart tissue, the
shock is required to be administered from inside the
skin, i.e. a malfunctioning pacemaker, or ungrounded
catheter etc.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

Deliberate uses
 Medical uses: Electric shock is also used as a medical
therapy, under carefully controlled conditions:
 Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT
 As a treatment for fibrillation or irregular heart rhythms:
defibrillator and cardioversion.
 As a method of pain relief: Transcutaneous
Electrical Nerve Stimulator
 As an aversive punishment for conditioning of mentally
handicapped patients with severe behavioral issues.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Law enforcement and personal defence.

 Electroshock weapons are incapacitant
weapons
 Torture.
 Capital punishment.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

First Aid For Electric Shock

 The victim usually gets stuck to the source of the electricity,
and it is important that you first separate him from the
electrical source.
 Turn off the power supply switch and disconnect the plug. It's
best to simply turn off the main power supply or pull out the
fuse. Often, simply turning off the switch may not stop the flow
of electricity.
 In certain circumstances it may be quicker to simply pull the
victim away from the electrical source.
 Do NOT touch the victim with your bare hands, or the electric
current will pass through you as well.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 If you are barefoot, stand of some clothes or any hand non-

conductive material like wood or paper. Make sure you are not
standing on anything that is wet.
 Throw a blanket over the victim and try to separate him from the
source. Make sure you don't touch him though. You can also use
dry, nonconductive material such as a wooden broom handle or a
chair to separate the victim from the live current
 Once the victim is separated, check to see if he is breathing. If
breathing has stopped or seems slow, administer articificial
respiration immediately.
 Let his head be slightly lower than the rest of the body, and raise
his legs.
 Cover the victim with a blanket.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 Move the victim as little as possible. He may have

suffered injuries to his spine and neck.
 If the victim has a burn, remove the clothing from
the burned area (unless it's stuck to the skin) and
rinse it in cool, running water. Cover the burn with
a dressing.
 Don't apply ice or any other ointment or cotton
dressing to the burn.
 Call for emergency medical attention as soon as
possible
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

PRECAUTION
 Check for frayed or cracked electrical cords, and replace
them.
 Make sure that outlets and extension cords are not
overloaded. Either change the cord to a higher rated one
or unplug some of the appliances.
 Check to see that all lamps and light fixtures are outfitted
with bulbs of the correct wattage; this will prevent
overheating which could lead to a fire.
 Make sure that all fuses are the correct size for the circuit.
The wrong size fuse can create a serious fire hazard.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

 If an appliance has repeatedly blown a fuse,

tripped a circuit breaker, or shocked you, unplug it
and have it repaired or replaced.
 If an outlet or switch is unusually warm or hot to
the touch, an unsafe wiring condition could exist.
Have it checked by an electrician as soon as
possible.
 Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and
safety precautions for all home appliances.
 Have earthing installed in your house.
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY

A S K
E TO
FR E
FE E L ?
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS & SAFETY