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SEGUNDA
PARTE
EL CICLO MARITIMO
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El Comercio Internacional
quien vende sus productos en un pas distintos donde los produce, los cuales deben ser transportados.
quien compra los productos en el extranjero y los interna y nacionaliza para su comercializacin.
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El Comercio Internacional
Medios de transporte
Tierra : camin, tren Agua (Fluvial, Lacustre, Martimo): buque, barcaza, feeder. Aire: avin
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Transporte martimo
- Nacional (Cabotaje): Se realiza dentro del territorio
nacional de un pas generalmente con naves de bandera nacional (registradas dentro del pas).
- Regional (acuerdos bilaterales): Existe reserva de
carga, es decir, puede ser transportada por empresas cuyas naves estn registradas en el pas que participa del acuerdo.
- Internacional (libre): El transporte puede ser
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Tipos de Naves
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global. Si no existiera transporte martimo, el transporte a granel de materias primas y la importacin/exportacin de alimentos y bienes manufacturados no sera posible.
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negocio naviero mundial en trminos monetarios, ya que las estimaciones de comercio son generalmente en toneladas o miles de toneladas.
naves mercantes contribuye a la economa mundial en alrededor de US$380 billones en fletes, lo que es equivalente a alrdedor del 5% del total del comercio mundial.
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susceptible de problemas econmicos como el ocurrido durante la recesin econmica mundial de los 80s. Sin embargo, a pesar de que el crecimiento de la industria experiment un cierto deterioro durante la crisis asitica de finales de los 90s, en general el negocio ha crecido en forma sana desde 1993.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos. 2
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Producto de cambios en la actividad econmica internacional (recesiones, crisis locales, etc.) la demanda por espacio el pedido de elloExceso fletes los los de optimismo, Los fletes aumentan la Aumenta cae por demanda, nuevos buques pedidos pueden ser caen. a la caen. sigue oferta. excediendo rpidamente. excesivos. Bajan los incentivos para agregar Cae la demanda de a la tonelaje buques. La demanda excede a la La flota crece muy Aumenta el desguace de oferta. El tonelaje resulta lentamente. La demanda buques. Los fletes siguen flota actual (no hay ms rpidamente. nuevas construcciones). escaso. crece
bajos.
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Cae la demanda por fletes. Aumenta el desguace de buques disminuyendo el tamao defletes flota mundial. el pedido de Los la aumentan la Aumenta Exceso de optimismo, los Los fletes siguen bajos.
La demanda excede a la oferta. El tonelaje resulta escaso. demanda, sigue excediendo a la oferta. nuevos buques rpidamente. pedidos pueden ser excesivos.
Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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La demanda comienza a crecer hasta exceder a la oferta. Por lo tanto el pedido de Los fletes aumentan la Aumenta el tonelaje resulta escaso. Exceso de optimismo, los
demanda, sigue excediendo a la oferta. nuevos buques rpidamente. pedidos pueden ser excesivos.
Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Cae la demanda de buques. Aumenta el desguace de buques. Los fletes siguen bajos.
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Conclusin
y y
y y
Ante una situacin de fletes bajos, se construyen menos buques y se incrementa el desguace. Cuando la demanda aumenta, requiriendo ms servicio de transporte, la oferta no responde en la misma velocidad. Por tanto los fletes suben y recomienza la construccin de nuevas naves. Ello provoca posteriormente sobreoferta, baja de fletes, y se reinicia un nuevo ciclo.
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The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.
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Crecimiento
10,00% 5,00% 0,00% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Oferta Demanda
Aos
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