Agriculture Sector of India

Agriculture & Economic Development

Share of Agriculture national income Indian Agriculture & pattern of employment Importance of agriculture for industrial development Role of agriculture in the field of international trade Role of agriculture sector in the economic planning For the growth of industrialization

Objectives of Economic Planning for Agriculture Sector

Increase agriculture production Increase employment opportunities Reduce the pressure of population on land Reduce inequality of incomes in rural areas

Strategies used in the agriculture sector

Setting up of community development program Agriculture extension services Expansion of irrigation facilities Fertilizers, pesticides, agriculture machinery, power, High yielding varieties of seeds and expansion of transportation Marketing and institutional credit Family Holding, Economic Holding, Optimum Holding

Food Philosophy in India

First Phase:
Objective To achieve physical access to food

Second Phase
Objective To achieve economic access to food

Third Phase
Objective To achieve ecological access to food

Agricultural Progress under Five Year Plans

First and Second Five Year Plan
The emphasis was on to overcome the food crises Shortage of raw cotton and jute 31 % of total expenditure was alloted to agriculture in the First plan The total Production of food grains was 67 mn tonnes as compared to the targeted 62 mn. Tonnes In the second five year plan the 20 % total outlay was given to agricultural sector ( Total Outlay of Rs 4600 cr., agriculture Rs 950 cr.) The food production in 1961-62 was recorded at 80 mn tonnes as compared to 81 mn tonnes of targeted The production of oil seeds, cotton, jute was increased in 1960-61 than in 1955-56.

Agricultural Progress under Five Year Plans

Third Five Year Plan
Realization of the importance of agricultural sectors contribution In the success of five year plan Introduction of new agricultural technology
Intensive Agricultural District Program (IADP) High Yielding Variety Programs

Failure to meet the agriculture target production except sugarcane Occurrence of a serious famine in the Indian Economy

Fourth Five Year Plan

Objective was to create favorable economic conditions for the promotion of agriculture and a systematic efforts to extend the application of science and technology Again the target total agricultural production 129 mn. Tonnes in 19-7374 was not attended, the total actual production was 104 mn. Tonnes.

Agricultural Progress under Five Year Plans

Fifth Five Year Plan
1974-79, out of total outlay Rs 39,430 crores, out of which 22 % (Rs 8740 crores) was alloted to agricultural production Due to inflation the agriculture sector was not able to meet the target even the plan got failed due to change in the government at central level

Sixth Five Year Plan

The achievement of actual growth rate in agriculture was 4.3 % as compared to the targeted growth rate of 3.8 % The highest food grain was achieved in the agricultural history of India that was 152 mn tonnes in 1983-84 Second green revolution comes targeted on expansions in supplies of inputs and services to farmers, agricultural extension & better management The scope of second green revolution was expanded to eastern and central states of Gujarat as of the first revolution only in Northen states

Agricultural Progress under Five Year Plans

Seventh Five Year Plan
1985-90, the emphasis on agriculture was given to the specific projects such as special rise production programs in eastern regions, national water shad program, national oil seeds development projects etc.

Eighth Five Year Plan

1992-97 emphasis on strategy development Favorable weather and climate conditions is responsible for achievement of objectives The highest output achieved by in India in 1996-97 was 199 mn tonnes

Ninth Five Year Plan

The target of 234 mn tonnes was not achieved and the actual production stood at 212 mn tonnes.

Land Reforms
Objectives
Removing institutional discrepancies To remove socio economic inequality in the country To increase agricultural production

Steps taken:
Abolition of intermediaries Tenancy Reforms
Regulation of rent Security of tenure Ownership rights to tenure

Reorganization of agriculture
Redistribution of land Consolidation of land Cooperative Farming

Causes of Slow Growth Rate of Agriculture

Heavy dependence on monsoon Limited use of technology Failure of land reforms Growing expectations of tenants Failure to control the growth of population

Intervention of Government in Agricultural Sector

Minimum Support Price Issue Price Decentralization Procurement System Buffer Stock
Date 1st April 1st July 1st October 1st January Wheat 4.0 17.1 11.0 8.2 Rice 12.2 9.8 5.2 11.8 Total 16.2 26.9 16.2 20.0

Intervention of Government in Agricultural Sector

Decentralized procurement Scheme Food Subsidy Agricultural Marketing E- Chaupal (TRIFED) Tribal Cooperative marketing Development Federation of India Ltd established in 1987 NAFED ( national Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation of India Ltd) Storing Facilities for Agriculture Products
National Cooperative Development & Warehousing Board (1956) Central Warehousing Corporation (1957)

Agricultural Credit from non institutional & institutional sources

Short Term Medium Term Long Term

Assignments
Short Notes on:
Kisan Credit Card Scheme Irrigation (Flood Management, Irrigation, and Command Area Development & Water Management Program) Green Revolution National Agricultural Policy 2000 Challenges to Agriculture in todays era