The Glory that was

GREECE

Gree

Trojan War
* happened around 12th 11th century B.C. * Achaeans rebelled against the Trojan for the control of Hellespont * immortalized in Homers Iliad and Odyssey * Helen the face that launched a thousand ships * Trojan horse

Greek Persia

BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE plains of Thermopylae (central Greece) Xerxes defeated the Spartans, captured Athens and burned the acropolis BATTLE OF SALAMIS Athens avenged the defeat of Sparta and the destruction of its city

The Golden Age of Greece

Athens emerged as the supreme city-state in Greece Athens unified the city-states of Greece called the Delian League Athens achieved its Golden Age during the leadership of Pericles. It was also known as the Periclean Age It was during this age that great ideas and other contributions emerged.

The Conflict Between Athens

PELOPONESSIAN WAR
happened in Peloponnesus (southern Greece)

war between other city-states and Athens Sparta defended the other city-states against Athens Sparta defeated Athens Sparta was defeated by the Thebans in the Battle of Leuctra which left the Greece weak and divided

ATHENS oligopoly --- democracy gave importance to science, arts, music, philosophy, etc. SPARTA

oligopoly gave importance to the military & war-like values

HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
King Philip of Macedonia conquered Greece with the exception of Sparta Alexander the Great expanded the empire and spread Greek civilization throughout its territories

HELLENIC AGE
development of Greek civilization within Greece

HELLENISTIC AGE
spread of Greek civilization to other parts of the world

Contributio ns of Ancient

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

POLIS- independent city-state MONARCHY- rule of a king or queen ARISTOCRACY- rule of noble families (rich, powerful and coming from noble families) OLIGARCHY- rule of few (rich and powerful but not from noble families) DEMOCRACY- rule of the majority or of the people

DRACO SOLON CLEISTHENES - great statesmen / leaders of Ancient Greece

PERICLES POLITICAL WRITINGS: The Republic by Plato Politics by Aristotle

RELIGION
polytheistic- believed in many gods and goddesses their gods posses supernatural powers but subject to human flaws and emotions ZEUS- ruler of all the gods HERA- wife of Zeus; marriage, women and childbirth PHOEBUS / APOLLO- sun, light, music, prophecy & medicine POSEIDON- sea HERMES- commerce and messenger of the gods HEPHAESTUS- fire & blacksmith of the gods ARES- war ATHENA- wisdom APRODITE- beauty and love ARTEMIS- moon and hunt DEMETER- agriculture & fertility

SCIENCE
PYTHAGORAS- principles of Geometry - Pythagorean Theorem EUCLID- Father of Geometry ARCHIMEDES- circumference of a circle ARISTARCHUS- earth revolves around the sun while rotating on its own axis ERASTHOSTHENES- almost exact estimate of the circumference of the world - drew the latitudes and longitude lines in the map of the world

ARCHITECTURE
PARTHENON- Athenian temple for the goddess Athena DORIC IONIC - 3 styles of Greek columns CORINTHIAN amphitheaters, stadiums, markets and public baths

GREEK DRAMA
part of a feast in honor of the god Dionysus TRAGEDY- focused on the problems of life AESCHYLUS SOPHOCLES - 3 great Tragedians EURIPEDES COMEDY- focused on politics and events in a funny manner ARISTOPHANES- great Comic dramatist

PAINTING
POLYGNOTUS- first great Greek painter APOLLODORUS APPELLES- painter in Alexander the Greats court

POETRY
HOMER- Iliad and Odyssey PINDAR- lyric poet SAPPHO- also known as the Tenth Muse

SCULPTURE
PHIDIAS- greatest sculpture of Greece - made the statue of Athena and decorations at Parthenon - statue of Zeus in Olympia PRAXITELES- statue of Hermes MYRON- made the Discobulus (Discus Thrower) CHARES- made the Colossus of Rhodes (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) SCOPAS- made the tomb for King Mausolus of Halicarnassus (originated the present term mausoleum)

MEDICINE
HIPPOCRATES- established a school for the study of medicine - every disease has a natural cause HEROPHILUS- Father of Anatomy ERASISTRATUS- Father of Physiology

ALPHABET
Greeks used the alphabet of the Phoenicians and added vowels became the basis for written and spoken languages of Europeans

HISTORY
HERODOTUS- Father of History - The History of the Persian Wars THUCYDIDES- more scientific historian - History of the Peloponnesian War

SOCRATES- the unexamined life is not worth living - developed the DIALECTIC / SOCRATIC METHODquestion-answer method of thinking PLATO- Republic- described the ideal state - only philosopher could become intelligent and great leaders ARISTOTLE- Politics- examined various forms of government - one should accept an theory if this conforms to observable data.

PHILOSOPHY

Contributio ns of Ancient