KELOMPOK SPECIAL CANGGIH ARGAFIAN HAFIEDZ AKBAR ALFARIZI

ABSTRACT

Indonesia has the potential geological conditions surrounding the earthquake most of its territory, because it is located in the Pacific and seismic lines and seismic lines in Asia. It should be planned buildings to withstand earthquakes, so we need a proper planning of appropriate earthquake-resistant building design in Indonesia, as stated in the planning procedures for earthquake resistance for buildings (SNI 03-1726-2002). As a result of the earthquake Yogyakarta, Surakarta city hall building conditions have been damaged at some point due to earthquake shocks a few years ago. Therefore, an evaluation of Surakarta City Hall building is very interesting to predict the behavior of building damage caused by the earthquake and damage based on existing data. Current direction toward earthquake-resistant design method approach to performance (performance based) by using nonlinear analysis of Capacity Spectrum Method which utilizes a nonlinear static analysis of thrust load (nonlinear static pushover analysis). This analysis using a pushover analysis program from ETABS.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND

Indonesia has the potential geological conditions surrounding the earthquake most of its territory, because it is located in the Pacific and seismic lines and seismic lines in Asia. Some past earthquakes that have caused much damage in buildings up to take casualties including the earthquake in Aceh, Yogyakarta earthquake, earthquake in Padang. Some of the damage and failure of structures due to earthquake can be seen in the image below :

1.2 Problem Formulation Based on the description on the front can be taken by a formulation of the problem, namely how the performance of Surakarta City Hall can be determined by pushover analysis. 1.3 Objectives Research The purpose of this study are: 1. Estimating the base shear force (base shear) and the maximum deformation (displacement) that occurred. 2. Knowing the mechanism of formation of plastic hinge at the beam column and predict the behavior of the building collapse.

1.4 Limitation Problem Restrictions on this research problem is: 1. The structure of the building consists of 6 floors with a function as an office. 2. The structure of the building is a reinforced concrete building and are daktil full. 3. Regulation of the imposition by the standards of earthquake resistance design for buildings SNI 03-1726-2002. 4. Building structure is modeled and analyzed using a pushover analysis program ETABS. 1.5 Benefits of Research The benefits of this research are: 1. Applying the latest technology in engineering, computer-based civil engineering, especially engineering-storey building. 2. Getting information in response to the earthquake behavior of buildings. 3. As the anticipation and the basis in planning buildings in areas at risk to earthquakes.

CHAPTER 2 BASIS THEORY

2.1 Review of Literature
2.1.1 Earthquake Theory Suitable geological theories about plate tectonics, the earth's surface consists of several thick slabs of rock that float on the molten mantle. Earthquakes occur because of movement of the earth's crust that occurs suddenly is usually followed by the occurrence of fault or the fault (fault). Immediately after the occurrence of fracture and damage of rock on earthquake events, the energy that had been accumulated and then emitted in all directions. Reid (1910) describes the mechanism of the earthquake through a theory called the Elastic Rebound Theory is shown in Figure 2.1. From image (a) can be explained soil conditions that have not experienced stress, whereas image (b) shows the movement of the earth's crust began to cause tension which causes the accumulation of energy when the motion of the earth's crust continues. Image (c) shows the fault happens when the earth's rocky crust was not able to withstand the stresses that occur, the rocks would crack and fracture occurs.

Direction of motion Fault line

Road Direction of motion (a) (b)

Road (c)

Source: Widodo (2001) Figure 2.1 The occurrence of earthquakes according to the Elastic Rebound Theory

Figure 2.1 The occurrence of earthquakes according to the Elastic Rebound Theory Wave energy spreads out in all directions is shown by the body waves (pwave and s-wave). Arriving at the ground surface occurs modifications to surface waves (surface waves) because the convergence of body waves with the boundary (boundary). Surface wave structure is the most damaging, since it is estimated 2 / 3 seismic energy transmitted by these surface waves.
Muka tanah Gel. Permukaan

Gel. P

Gel. S

Pusat gempa

Source: Widodo (2001) Figure 2.2 earthquake waves

Mechanical energy due to the broken rock is then converted into wave energy. Earthquake wave energy will pass through the rock or soil that has geological conditions vary from one place to another place so that the ground acceleration records are destroyed in some places will be different although the same source earthquake. The earthquake which occurred even though only a few seconds but resulted in severe damage to infrastructure and the loss of life and property. Results of research experts concluded that the mass of the building will affect the acceleration of the ground beneath the building concerned.