Sociology with Anthropology

Subject Code: SSCN 11A No. of Units: 3 Course Description: A study of society and culture with emphasis on the patterns and processes of human relations, mans development and role in the changes that occur in the society, and social issues involving population growth, environment degradation, rural and urban poverty.

Learning Objectives:
y Cognitive make the students understand how society

works and how such is affected by individual and human behavior. y Affective Encourage students to inculcate in their minds and hearts the value of good membership within a specific large scale community. y Psychomotor make the students apply in reality the various elements and values in the study of society and human development.

SCIENCE
Is the study of various phenomena and

things in the world. It is a body of systematized knowledge that shows the operation of general laws. Main Goal: to describe particular things or events in detail and to set up hypotheses and test them.

Classifications of Science
y Natural Sciences study phenomena and processes as

well as objects in nature, and provide systematic information about the nonhuman and physical aspects of the natural world. ** Biology, Physics,Chemistry,Astronomy, Geology y Social Sciences involved in the study of society, social relations, and human behavior. ** Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and History

Introduction to Sociology
y Sociology is the systematic study of social

Focus:

behavior and human groups. - the systematic study of human society. - Latin socius - companion - the influence of social relationships on peoples attitudes and behavior. - how societies are established and change.

Sociological Imagination
Charles Wright Mills (1959) coined the term Sociological Imagination. - It is used to underscore the relationship between what is happening in peoples personal lives and the social forces that surround them.

Emergence of Sociology and Anthropology

y 15th 19th Century (Period of discoveries and explorations)

- the beginning of anthropology - accounted from Western explorers, missionaries, soldiers, and colonial officials Early 19th Century flint tools and artifacts were discovered in Europe Edward Tylor the first professor of anthropology in Oxford, England Franz Broas the first professor of anthropology in the United States.

Emergence of Sociology and Anthropology y 1980 ethnographers approached the study of local culture. y 18th 19th Century development of sociology began in France, pioneered by Henri de Saint-Simon and Aguste Comte

Emergence of Sociology and Anthropology

y 20th century modern anthropology started

pioneered by Edward Tylor, Lewis Morgan, and Herbert Spencer y Structural functionalism was used by Franz Broas and Alfred Kroeber. y Other anthropologists followed: - Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe Brown - Ralph Linton, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead.

The Development of Sociology

y Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

- he believed that a theoretical science of society and systematic investigation of behavior were needed to improve society. - he coined the term sociology - he considered sociology as the queen and its practitioners scientists-priests

The Development of Sociology

y Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)

- offered insightful observations of the customs and social practices of native Britain and United States. - wrote a book Society in America - conducted a research on the nature of female employment.

The Development of Sociology

y Herbert

Spencer

(1820-1903) - applied the concept of evolution of the species to the societies in order to explain how they change over time. - adapted Darwins survival of the fittest

The Development of Sociology

y Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

- first professor of sociology in France - insisted that behavior must be understood within a larger context, not just in individualistic terms. - interested on anomie (the loss of direction that a society feels when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective)

The Development of Sociology

y MaxWeber (1864)

- taught his students about verstehen - German word for understanding or insight - pointed out that to fully comprehend behavior, we must learn the subjective meanings people attach to their actions how they view and explain their behavior - credited for a key conceptual tool, the ideal type Ideal Type is a construct, a made-up model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. - it was used to study family, religion, authority, economic systems, & bureaucracy.

The Development of Sociology

y Karl Marx (1818-1883)

- with Friedrich Engels, attended secret meetings in London of an illegal coalition of labor unions, known as the Communist League. - they prepared a platform called Communist Manifesto (an argue that the masses of people who have no resources other than labor or proletariat should unite to fight for the overthrow of capitalist societies.) - examined the industrial societies, he saw that the factory is the center of conflict between exploiters and exploited.

Modern Developments of Sociology

y Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)

- preferred to use the sociological perspective to look first at smaller units families, gangs, friendship networks - increased our understanding of groups relatively small size

Modern Developments of Sociology

y Jane Addams (1860-1935)

- member of American Sociological Society - with other female sociologists, they combined intellectual inquiry , social service work, & political activism to assist the underprivileged society.

Modern Developments of Sociology

y Robert Merton (1968)

- combined theory and research - noted different ways in which people attempt to achieve success in life - emphasized that sociology should strive to bring together the macro-level and the microlevel approaches to the study of society. Macrosociology concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations. Microsociology stresses the study of small groups & often uses experimental study in laboratories.

Introduction to Anthropology
y Anthropology is the study of the

human species and its immediate ancestors Focus: the feature that is unique to humans the cultural behavior.

Anthropology

Biological Anthropology

Archaeology

Cultural Anthropology

Linguistic Anthropology

Genetics & Evolution Fossil records Biodiversity Primatology

Prehistoric Archaeology Historic Archaeology Cultural Resource Management

Culture as species trait Variation in cultural systems Processes of cultural change

Descriptive linguistic Language evolution Ethno semantics

Biological Anthropology
yThe study of human biological

variation in time and space; includes evolution, genetics, growth and development, and primatology.

Archaeological Anthropology
yThe study of human behavior and

cultural patterns and processes through the cultures material remains.

Cultural Anthropology
yThe study of human society and

culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, explains social and cultural similarities and differences.

Linguistic Anthropology
yThe descriptive, comparative, and

historical study of language and of linguistic similarities and differences in time, space, & society.

Applied Anthropology
yFocuses on the application of the

ideas and information gathered for the solution of specific problems in order to achieve practical ends.

Thats all...
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