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Index

Motor Selection Criteria Motor Protection Types of Faults Electrical Components we use Type 2 co - ordination

Motor Selection Criteria

1) Type of Application 2) Mounting 3) Duty of operation 4) Degree of Protection 5) Class of Insulation 6) Type of Cooling 7) Atmospheric condition 8) Starting Torque
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Types of Faults

Types Overload Insulation Damage Phase failure Bearing damage Ageing Rotor damage Others

Percentage 30 20 14 13 10 5 8

In order to avoid unexpected breakdowns, costly repairs and subsequent losses due to motor downtime, it is important that the motor is fitted with some sort of protective device. Motor protection is thus classified in three types External protection for short circuit External protection for over-laod Inbuilt motor protection

Electrical Components we use

Fuses ( Protection device) Overload relays ( fault sensing device) MCCB/MPCB (Protection device) Contactors ( logic device) Control Transformer ( Low voltage tapping and isolation) Motors ( Application device)
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Switch Fuse Units

A Switch Fuse unit is a safety switch, which is combined with a fuse in a single enclosure. The switch manually opens and close the circuit, while the fuse protect against over-current protection. Ideal device for short circuit protection of motor starters due to low peak let through current and energy. Flexible in installation. Can change/ replace phase wise the damage fuse. Selection to be done as per type 2 co-ordination

Circuit Breakers ( MCCB/ MPCB, MCB)

A circuit breaker is an over-current protection device. It opens and closes a circuit automatically at a predetermined over-current It is easy to reactivate it immediately after an overload has occurred. The circuit breaker is simply reset after the fault is corrected. Circuit breakers are rated according to the level of fault current they interrupt. So when you select a circuit breaker, always choose one that can sustain the largest potential short circuit current, which is likely to occur in application

MCB: Used for low current applications ( we can go up to 63 Amps as GEP). MCCB: Used for higher current applications ( from 63 to 160 Amps) MPCB: A combination of a fuse and an overload relay. ( available in a limited range)

Contactors

Contactor is a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking electrical current under normal circuit conditions including operating overload conditions They are basically intended to operate under normal condition. They have a main circuit and a control circuit. 1) Main circuit: The conducting part of a contactor designed to close or open. The current flows from the supply to the load through the main circuit of the contactor. 2) Control circuit: The circuit which is energized or de-energized electrically for opening/closing operation of the contactor

Methods of energizing the control circuits. 1) Electromagnetic 2) Pneumatic 3) Elector -pneumatic

Contactor

Starter

They are normally used for starting of the squirrel cage induction motor. They have following inbuilt component

1) One or more contactors ( depending upon single phase/ three phase) 2) Control circuit consisting of solenoid, auxiliary contacts etc 3) Overload relays 4) Start, stop, reverse push buttons. Types of starter ( we use) 1) Direct Online ( DOL starter) 2) Star delta Starter

Contactor

Starter

Two important factors to be considered while starting of motor

1) The starting current drawn from the supply 2) The starting torque The starting current should be kept low to avoid overheating of motor and excessive voltage drops in supply network. Starting torque must be about 50 to 100% more than the expected load torque which ensures the motor runs up in a reasonable short time Type starting Direct online Star Delta Starter Auto transformer starter Motor starting current X times full load current 7to8 2.5 to 3 2.5 to 4

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Contactor

Starter

1) Direct Online ( DOL starter) Advantage Simple and inexpensive Good starting torque: 0.5 to 2 times full load torque

Disadvantage Excess Inrush current cause high voltage drops and hence limited to small motors.

2) Star delta Starter Advantage Low starting current ( 1/3 of DOL values), hence suitable for large motors

Disadvantage Low torque

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Thermal Overload Relays

A device which measures the heating effect of the current. It makes for the motor to handle harmless temporary overloads without interrupting the circuit. Trips and open a motor circuit, if the current exceeds its limit and might damage the motor. They can be reset either automatically or manually once the overload situation has passed. Selection to be done as per type 2 co-ordination.

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Type 2 co-ordination

Requirement of co-ordination When one or more protective devices are installed, it becomes necessary to coordinate them so as to have right device operated for right purpose at right time. Discrimination of fault ( overload, short circuit, over-current)

Types of co-ordination ( As per IS 13947/sec 4/part 1) 1) Type 1: It requires that under short circuit conditions, the contactor or starter shall cause no danger to persons or installations and may not be suitable for further service without repair and replacement of parts. 2) Type 2 : It requires that under short circuit conditions, the contactor or starter shall cause no danger to person or installations and shall be suitable for further. Type 2 co-ordination chart
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Control Transformer

A Transformer used for low voltage applications ( below 1.1 KV) Used for isolation of instruments from main supply for protection of instruments. Generally rated in terms of VA burden. Control Transformer selection:

1) Get the VA burden of individual instruments connected to the secondary of the Control Transformer 2) Sum up them and take 1.5 times higher VA. This is to have a safer side for future connections ( spare feeders) provided.

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Cable Selection

Types of Cable ( Application) A) B) C) D) Control cable Instrument Signal Cable Instrument Power Cable Power cable

1) Use of control Cable All level Switches ( 2C x 1.5 sq mm) All pressure switches ( 2Cx 1.5 sq mm) 24V solenoid valve ( 2Cx1.5 sq mm) LCS cables ( 4Cx 1.5 sq mm)

2) Power cables Instrument cable ( 230 V 2C x 1.5 sq mm) Motor ( single phase) ( 230 V 2C x 1.5 sq mm) Solenoid ( 230 V) ( 2C x 1.5 sq mm) Motor ( 3 phase) ( 3 core sq mm depends upon KW rating)

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Thank You

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