Professional Documents
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The ancient Greek were among the first to organize the value of placing ideas in open competition in order to drive at decisions about important matters . This same PRACTICE is followed today in LEGISLATION and LAW COURTS. Perhaps debating is most CHALLANGING form of ORAL communication in which you can engage.
The BENEFITS you get or gain from participating in debate is MANY .among the most important are The stimulating of your interest in current issues. The development of critical thinking ability. The sharpening of your communication skills and
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Improvement in RESAERCH ABILITIES and You learn how THOUGHTFUL ,POSITIVE and ORDERLY CHANGE MAY BE BROUGHT ABOUT in democratic society.
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IN DIFFERENT ERAS
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HAILEHAILE-SLASSIE
With the emergence of MODERN education DEBATING did exist in the co-curricula activities where Eritrean students Like HABTOM & ANDOMthe two twin brothers from Lul Meconen (now) Asmara comprehensive, FESSEHAZION BEYENE(nickname wedi shebetbet) Hail slassie 1st secondary school now Keyh-bahri in
DR BELAY GEORGIO from Hail-slassie 1st sec.sch. Now key-bahri 1960; ALEMSEGED TESFAYa known WRITER in new Eritrea, returned the cup he missed in 1962 ;HABTOM GHEBREMICHAEL won the other Ethiopian contests ORATORY in Addis Ababa for 4 TIMES
Derge Regime
Same methods of delivery by the kebele; political leaders ,CADRES were practiced excluding students active role of debating in school and institutions.
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AFTER FREEDOM
Every secondary school students begun to appear on the stage to deliver speeches of difference topics after the SPEECH BLAST by Asmara comprehensive sec.sch students chaired by MEMHIR WOLDEGERGIS TESFAYand semaetat sec.sch Chaired by teacher BERHE MIHRETEAB on science is a bless vs. science is a curse .
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Objectives in debating
GENERAL OBJECTIVES To help the students learn hoe to PREPARE
THEIR OWN IDEAS AND SUSTAIN THEM FROM ERRIBLE ATTACK OF THE OPPONENT forwarding a
burden of proof convincing argument . Are referred to develop students SELFESTEEM being competent in using books of reference taking notes and organizing ideas or facts.
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It is to serve students practice debating to master the techniques of stage management avoid stage fright and familiarization them with their contestant (compitants )and the audience
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Finally ,as a proverb indicates MAN ISMADE ,HE IS NOT BORN the designed interschool debating activities does not only help students acquire a good command of the language ,become witty and sharp-minded ,but it also helps them to sharpPUBLICdevelop their skills IN PUBLIC-speaking while trying to become notable lectures ,speakers , debaters and eventually orators.
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H. Questions in mind
1. To WHOM I am speaking 2. Where do I want to KNOW BELIEVE on to as a result of my speech. 3. Where is most effective way of composing & presenting my speech to ACCOMPLISH THAT AIM.
J. subjects for debates are expressed in form of prepositions A preposition of fact preposition of value preposition of explanation preposition of policy.
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Variety of words &types of sentence. use contrasts to help your admire to remember what you say . use rhetorical questions and repetition to gain attraction of your audience . use figures of speech imaginative and memorable use words correctly use clich and serotypes use slung sparingly in speeches
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keep conversation going Bring out the best in others by supporting their opinions if you disagree, do it pleasantly politely wait your turn to talk. keep your sense of humor address yourself to the group
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speak clearly and carefully avoid saying err uh . make sure you can be heard easily by all. look at your audience. stand naturally ,neither stiff nor too informally avoid useless gestures and body movements
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4. use note cards. 5. be poised, confident & well groomed when speaking. 6. use proper volume & pitch. 7. use pause in your speech effectively. 8. use clear articulation & correct pronunciation. 9. learn to use a lantern & microphone property. 10. develop effective way of dating with destructions & intimations when given a speech.
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P. Topics to choose
1. Organize the body of the speech on an outline 2. Write an introduction that gets the
attraction of your audience. 3. Carefully consider structuring of the body of your speech. 4. Compose a careful thoughtfulconclusion. 5. Prepare your
visual aids.
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Pathos Ethos Logos 4. Show your audience that youre confident and competent.
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your audience. 6. Be responsible when you speak to persuade. 7. Use evidence that suits your audience. 8. Use rapid evidence and correct reasoning.
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R2. Speech are of many kinds. Speeches need to be approached differently to suit the audience in different ways.
introduction. 2. Speeches of presentation. 3. Speeches of acceptance. 4. Combative speech. 5. Testimonial speech.
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1. Speeches of
special occasions. 7. Key note speeches. 8. Dedication speeches. 9. Public relation speeches. 10. Speeches to entertain.
6. Speeches for
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its plan
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4. The negative may offer any counter plan that would be in order in a legislative assembly discussion the preposition. 5. The affirmative must explain upon demand by the negative. The major feature and policy under which the proposed plan is to operate.
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S. The speeches
1. The speeches and speaking time are divided equally between the two teams. 2. Each team has two or three constructive speeches. 3. Each team, although it varies according to the time, constrains has from one to three refute speeches. 4. The affirmative gives the first constructive speeches alternate affirmative, negative, affirmative, negative.
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A. Constructive speech (8-10) (8 First affirmative First negative Second affirmative Second negative
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B. Rebuttal speeches
First negative First affirmative Second negative Second affirmative
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Refute speeches (2-5 min) (2 First negative First affirmative Second negative Second affirmative
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4) Refutation (rebuttal)
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T. Formats to follow
1. Standard format
Two different kinds of speeches are made by each of the two speeches on each team. Each speeches give both constructive speech and rebuttal.
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All affect the way listeners respond to speakers, dress & groom can do little to change. 6. Know the psychology of the audience. 7. Be careful with consonants that easily slurred or dropped all together ( madder- mother) 8. Use speakers sound effectively & the .. 9. Use your notes effectively 10.Place the cards near the top edge of the pedium.
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THE END
PROFOUND THANKS WOLDEGIORGIS TESFAI E-MAIL: woldetesfai@yahoo.com
TEL-07263180
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