NonNon-elastic impression material

Delivered by: DR. KANWAL GULZAR

IMPRESSION PLASTER
Impression plaster is similar in composition to dental plaster used to construct models and dies.

COMPOSITION
     

It consists of calcined, beta calcium sullphate hemihydrate which when mixed with water to produce calcium sulphate dihydrate. The material is used at higher water/ powder ratio as compared to modelling plaster. Antiexpansion agents are added to reduce setting expansion. Potassium sulphate is most commonly used antiexpansion agent but it also accelerates setting reaction. Retarder such as Borax is added to control setting characterstics. A pigment such as alazarin red is added in order to make clear distinction between the impression and model after casting of the model.

IMPRSSION TRAYS USED FOR IMPRSSION PLASTER



Impression plaster is too fluid to be used in stock tray. Special trays are normally constructed using 111.5mm spacer. Before casting modelling plaster in the plaster impression, the impression must be coated with separating agent, otherwise separation is impossible.

IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE


The technique for insertion of impression into the mouth involves puddling the impression into place The tray containing impression plaster is seated in patients mouth and then gently move from side to side and antero-posteriorly, this allow the material to flow in anteroevery area of the mouth

PROPERTIES OF IMPRESSION PLASTER

Regarding properties the difference between impression plaster and model plaster is:
1.

Impression plaster have more rapid setting in order to avoid inconvenience to both the patient and the dentist. Have smaller setting expansion for greater accuracy. Much lower strength so that fracture can occur easily if the material engages an undercut.

2.

3.

USES


Impression plaster remains a useful material particularly when recording impression of patient with excessively mobile soft tissues overlying the residual alveolar bone.

IMPRESSION COMPOUND
Impression compound is a thermoplastic material having the properties similar to dental waxes.

TYPES OF IMPRESSION COMPOUND



TYPE I (LOWER FUSING): Used for taking

impression.

TYPE II: Used for construction of impression trays.

MODES OF DISPENSION


Type I materials are supplied either in sheet or stick form. Sheet form is used for recording impression of edentulous ridges. Stick form is used for border extension on impression tray or for recording impression of single crown using copper ring technique.

COMPOSITION
COMPONENT EXAMPLE FUNCTION

THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL FILTER

Natural or synthetic resin and waxes Talc

Characterizes the softening temperature Gives body by increasing viscosity of the softened material; reduces thermal contraction Improves flow property

LUBRICANT

Stearic acid

MANIPULATION
  

  

The sheet material is normally softened using a water bath. Both the temperature and time of conditioning in water bath effects the material. If the conditioning temperature is too low the material does not soften properly and if too high, it becomes sticking and manageable. Softening temperature range 55-60C is found to be 55normal. The conditioning time must also be carefully monitored. It should not be so long that important constituent such as stearic acid leached out and it should not be too short that the material is not thoroughly softened.

 

The stick material is generally softened using a flame. The material is then tempered in water bath before placing in patients mouth.

PROPERTIES


   

Impression compound is fairly rigid after setting and is nonnon-elastic in nature thats why undergoes distortion on removal from undercuts. Because of its high viscocity it is unable to record fine details. It is a mucocompressive impression material Have poor thermal conductivity that is why require several minutes for the centre of material to be softened. The material have large values of coefficient of thermal expansion and undergo considerable shrinkage on removal from the mouth.

USES


Impression compound is used to take preliminary impression of edentulous arches. This gives a model on which a special tray can be constructed and then secondary impression can be taken.

Impression waxes
 

Impression waxes are rarely used to record complete impression. They are normally used to correct small imperfection in other impressions particularly those of the zinc oxide Eugenol type. They are thermoplastic material which flows readily at mouth temperature and relatively soft even at room temperature. They are applied with a brush in small quantities to fill in areas of impression in which sufficient material has been used or in which an air blow or crease has caused a defect.

Zinc oxide /eugenol impression pastes

Zinc oxide Eugenol is a non-elastic impression material. non-

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION


Material is normally supplied as two paste which are mixed together on a paper pad or glass.

COMPONENT
Zinc oxide

FUNCTION
Reactive ingredient which take part in setting reaction Inert component used to form paste with zinc oxide To accelerate setting To accelerate setting Reactive ingredient take part in setting reaction

PASTE I

Olive oil, linseed oil or equivalent Zinc acetate or equivalent Water (trace) in some products

PASTE II

Eugenol (oil of cloves)

Xaolin, talc or equivalent

Inert filler used to form a paste with eugenol

SETTING REACTION


  

On mixing two pastes, a reaction between zinc oxide and eugenol begins which cause the formation of chelate compound. The setting reaction is ionic in nature and requires an ionic medium to proceed. The ionic nature is increased by the presence of water and certain ionizable salts which act as accelerators. Some manufacturers do not incorporate water into the pastes and for these material setting is retarded until mixed paste contacts moisture in the patients mouth. Some manufacturers incorporates water as the component of at least one of the paste.

MODE OF DISPENSION


The pastes are normally dispensed from tooth paste like tubes and mixed in equal volume. The proportioning is achieved simply by expression of equal length of each paste onto the mixing pad or slab. One tube is labeled as catalyst and one is labeled as base paste. There is a good colour contrast between the pastes which aid in homogenous, streak free mixing.

PROPERTIES


Zinc oxide eugenol is low viscosity, non-elastic nonimpression material. Because of the lack of elasticity the set material may fracture when removed over undercut. Some patients are allergic to eugenol so in that case eugenol free pastes are available. The eugenolis replaced by alternative organic acid. The material can be added to the impression once the material is set so that any correction in impression can be made with this material.

USES
The material is normally used to record the major impression of edentulous arches. The impression is normally recorded in close fitting special tray constructed on model obtained from primary impression.

THE END