Selenium Basics

What is covered in this Session?

 Introduction  Where to get Selenium?  Selenium Vs QTP,Silktest  Limitations  Features of Selenium  Components  Selenium CORE  Configuring Selenium CORE  Selenium IDE  Selenium IDE-Sample Script  Recording and Executing a Script  Selenium RC(Remote Control)  Starting Selenium Server  Default Selenium Class  Locators  Sample Script  Selenium Command Reference  Selenium RC Configuration with Eclipse  Object Identification  Selenium Grid

Introduction
 Selenium is set of different software tools each with a different approach to supporting test automation.  Selenium is an open source tool.  Selenium supports as many as 8 programming languages such as HTML , Ruby , PHP, Python, C#, Java, Perl etc.  Latest side of Selenium is Grid, which allows the running of multiple Selenium tests on different browsers and different platforms.

Where to get Selenium??

 We can everything from the Selenium site

www.seleniumhq.org Software's: All the selenium software's can be downloaded by using the below link http://seleniumhq.org/download/ Documentation: Documentation can be downloaded by using the below link http://seleniumhq.org/docs/

Selenium Vs QTP & Silk

 Object Identification:
 Faster: Selenium can identify objects using xpath, So it can directly go to a specific object  Slow: Silk test and QTP follows a hierarchy for locating objects.

 Scripting Language:
 QTP allow users to write script in VB script only.  Silk test has proprietary scripting language 4TL. ( 4 Test Language )  But Selenium allows writing script in Java, Ruby, Perl, PHP, C# and Python.

 Price :
 Selenium is an open source tool.  Silk and QTP are not free tools  QTP license cost is around $7500 , Silk test license cost is around $8500 USD

Limitations
 Desktop applications:
 We cant automate desktop applications using Selenium.  We can automate using QTP and Silk test.

Object Repository:
Capturing objects properties is a tough task as we need to prepare the object repository.

Features of Selenium
 It has support for multiple operating systems like Windows, Linux and

Mac
 Cross browser testing can be done easily on browsers like IE, Firefox,

Safari, Netscape etc.

 It supports multiple programming Languages like C#, Java, Ruby,

Python .. etc
 It can be used for automating Ajax and swift web pages.  It is easy to use, if are familiar with any one of supported programming

language
 It is easy to learn  It is free-open source tool  It has matured community forums to get clarifications

Components
Selenium is majorly divided into four components  Selenium CORE  Selenium IDE  Selenium RC(Remote Control)  Selenium Grid

Selenium CORE
 Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications.  Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser.  And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.  This is deprecated with the advent of Selenium IDE and Selenium RC.  Initially IDE has capability for recording test cases only.  In earlier stages executed recorded script using Test runner.  Later IDE introduced with the execution facility. Disadvantages:  We cannot record scripts using this.  We can run scripts in only HTML format using Test runner.html

Configuring Selenium CORE

 Download the Selenium Core zip file (selenium-core1.0.1.zip) and extract the files into a folder.  Open Command Prompt and then navigate to the path where the files are extracted

Configuring Selenium CORE(Contd)

Configuring Selenium CORE (Contd)

 A new Selenium Functional Test Runner window will be opened.

 We need to enter the test suite path in Test Suite edit box on the left hand side .  Click on Go and then the screen window changes with the commands.

Configuring Selenium CORE (Contd)

 Now click on Run option on the right hand side of the window

so that the test case executes successfully.

Selenium IDE
IDE means integrated development environment, which is used for record and run the scripts.  Selenium IDE is add-on for Mozilla Firefox.  The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be viewed in the following supported languages: 1) HTML 2) Java 3) C# 4) PERL 5) Python 6) Ruby 7) PHP   The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be run against other browsers like IE, Safari, Google, Chrome and Opera by using Selenium RC. By default the script that is recorded should be saved with the .html extension. back.  It supports only for Firefox.  Using Selenium IDE we can record, save, execute and debug the scripts  It cant support for Database verifications Error handling and Customize reporting.

 It will keep the user actions as they are performed and store them as a reusable script to play

Selenium IDE
The script is saved as .html file so the run options are active Observations:  Table is active here because the extension is .html  Run Options are active and we can run the test case now.

Selenium IDE-Sample Recorded Script

These are the statements generated during record from IDE

Selenium IDE-Java Format

Observations:  Table is not available because the format of the script is changed to Java.  Run options are graded out because the default format for Selenium IDE is HTML.

Selenium IDE (Contd)

Recording and Executing a Test

Open Firefox and application you want to test Launch Selenium IDE using tools-Selenium IDE By default, you should be in the recording mode, but confirm it by observing the Red button. By default it will be in the HTML format. Otherwise, go to Options-Format-Select HTML Format. Record some actions and make sure that these are coming on Selenium IDE. During recording if you right click on any element it will show all the selenium commands available.  You can also edit existing command, by selecting it and editing on the boxes available.  You can also insert/delete commands by choosing appropriate option after right clicking.  Choose appropriate run option - i.e walk, run or test runner and review your results.  The recorded script can be viewed in two options: 1) Table 2) Source  In Table, we can see the script in tabular format.  In Source, we can see the script in html code.  If we want to see the recorded script in other selenium supported languages, Go to Options, then select Format select the desired language. Drawback  Biggest drawback of Selenium IDE is its limitation in terms of the browser support (only Mozilla Firefox).      

Selenium RC
 Selenium RC comes in two parts i.e. Server and Client libraries  Selenium-RC software comes with seven folders and we need to use

these files to configure RC with the language chosen.

1) selenium-server-1.0.3 -Configuration files for launching the RC server 2) selenium-java-client-driver-1.0.1- Java supported RC files 3) selenium-perl-client-driver-1.0.1-Perl supported RC files 4) selenium-php-client-driver-1.0.1-PHP supported RC files 5) selenium-python-client-driver-1.0.1-Python supported RC files 6) selenium-ruby-client-driver-1.0.1-Ruby supported RC files 7) selenium-dotnet-client-driver-1.0.1-C# supported RC files

 Selenium RC uses a server called Jetty Server for launching browsers

Selenium RC (Contd)
 Selenium RC is an Open Source platform and supports only webapplications for automation.  We can develop scripts using any popular programming languages  Using Selenium RC with a high-level programming language allows us to query database, email test results and use iteration statements to navigate through the result set  Using RC we can execute scripts in different browsers and platforms

Starting Selenium Server

Before starting any tests you must start the server.  Go to the directory where Selenium-RCs server is located and run the following from a command-line console.  Command to start server is
 java -jar selenium-server.jar

 Command to stop selenium server

 http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/?cmd=shutDown

Starting Selenium Server(Contd)

 We can do this in our test code using the SeleniumServer class  We need to follow below steps
 Create an object for SeleniumServer class  Use Start method for starting server.  User Stop method for stopping server.

 Sample code for Starting and Stopping selenium server.

SeleniumServer server = new SeleniumServer(); server.start(); .. server.stop();

 With the server running, we may now use a client also. Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium( String seleniumServerHost, int seleniumServerPort, String browserType, String baseURL); selenium.open("http://www.somesite.com/somePage.html"); selenium.stop();

Starting Selenium Server(Contd)

Default Selenium Class

 Default Selenium is class for creating browser reference  Variables used in the Default Selenium constructor are:
 seleniumServerHost is the where the Selenium Server is running. i.e. hostname  seleniumServerPort is the port on which the Selenium Server is listening. The default port is 4444.  browserType is the type of browser you want to use for testing.
 Common browser types are *firefox, *iexplore, *opera and etc.

 baseURL is the base URL for the site you are testing.

 Now, just opening a page isnt all that useful. We need to interact with the page. To

do this, we use our selenium clients methods with locators. For example:
 selnium.click("link=Text For Some Link");  The string link=Text For Some Link is a locator.

Locators
  In Selenium, the objects are called as locators and they can be identified using Xpath, DOM or CSS.
Locators take the form of

locatorType=argument

 

A locator type can be an element id, an element name, an xpath expression, link text, and more. A few examples: selenium.click( id=idOfThing ); selenium.click( name=nameOfThing ); selenium.click( xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text'] ); slenium.click( dom=document.images[56] ); selenium.click( link=Test Page For Selenium ); //a css locator //an id locator //a name locator //an xpath locators //a DOM locator //a link locator selenium.click( css=span#firstChild );

Locators will be covered in detail in the next session on Objects Construction .

Sample Script
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is a package need to be include for using Selenium API public class SampleScript // This is Class name { public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception // This is main function { // This is the statement for Creating Browser Object DefaultSelenium Brw= new DefaultSelenium ("localhost",4444,"*chrome", "http://"); Brw.start(); // This statement starts the Browser Brw.open("www.google.com"); // This statement loads google.com url Brw.waitForPageToLoad("30000"); // This stmt waits till loading complete web page Brw.windowMaximize(); // This stmt maximizes browser window Brw.type("//input[@name='q']", "valuelabs"); // This stmt enters Valuelabs text in search field Brw.click("//input[@name='btnG']"); // This stmt clicks on google search button } }

//input[@name='q] Object Identifier for Search Field //input[@name='btnG'] Object locator for Search Btn

Selenium Command Reference

Below are usefull commands in selenium  open - opens a page using a URL  captureScreenshot - Captures a PNG screenshot to the specified file  Check - Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)  Click - Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button  Close Clicks on the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window or tab  doubleClick - Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button  getEval - Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript code  getHtmlSource - Returns the entire HTML source  getLocation - Gets the absolute URL of the current page  getText - Gets the text of an element  getTitle - Gets the title of the current page  getValue - Gets the value of an input field  goBack - clicks on the "back" button on their browser  isChecked - Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked  isElementPresent - Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page  isTextPresent - Determines if the specified element is visible  Refresh Clicks on the "Refresh" button on their browser

Selenium Command Reference (Contd)

        Select - Select an option from a drop-down selectFrame - Selects a frame within the current window selectWindow - Selects a popup window Start - Launches the browser with a new Selenium session Stop - Ends the test session, killing the browser Type - Sets the value of an input field Uncheck - Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) windowMaximize - Resize currently selected window to take up the entire screen

Selenium RC with Eclipse Configuration

 Prerequisites:  If we want to configure Selenium RC with Eclipse, following files are required  Eclipse  JDK 1.5 or Later versions.  Selenium JAR files  a) selenium-server.jar  b) selenium-java-client-driver.jar  c) junit.jar  d) Poi related jar files (For handling excel)

Configuration
 Open the Eclipse by double clicking on eclipse.exe, Click on OK for workspace launcher. Click on  workbench, it will allow you to move inside the eclipse.  Click on File->New->Select Java Project.  Enter the Project name and then click on Configure JRE s

Configuration (Contd)

 Click on Add and give the path upto the jdk directory so that all the JRE files will be added and  click on Finish.

Configuration (Contd)

 Now the JRE is successfully configured with our project root directory  Right click on JRE System Library-> Build Path>Configure Build Path

Configuration (Contd)

 Click on Add External JAR s and then select the four jar files and add them to our project.

Configuration (Contd)

Now the jar files are also successfully configured with our project. Click on Run from the Menu--> External Tools-->Select External Tools Configuration--> Double Click on Program and then enter the following details as shown in the screen. Click on Apply and then click on Run .

Configuration (Contd)

 Now the Selenium RC is successfully configured with Eclipse and you are ready to write the scripts and execute them successfully.  On successful running of Selenium server, the eclipse IDE gives an message that the server started successfully on port number 4444(default)

Configuration(Contd)

Objects Identification
For identifying the properties in Selenium, we use the below tools: Debug bar for Internet Explorer. Firebug for Mozilla Firefox. Debug bar Installation: Download the debug bar software by using the below link: http://www.debugbar.com/ Click on the exe file and then install the software. Once the software is installed, you will find the debug bar on the left side of the window.

Debug bar

Drag the circle and place it on the object which we want to identify the object.

Debug bar

The properties will be identified in the Attrs field. Using these fields, we can identify the objects.

Firebug

Firebug Installation:  Download the debug bar software by using the below link: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843/ Click on the exe file and then install the software. Once the software is installed, you will find the firebug on the bottom of the window.

Firebug(Contd)

 Once we select the object, automatically the objects properties will be displayed in the bottom:

Firebug(Contd)

Selenium Grid
Selenium Grid is used for launching the multiple browsers with supported operating system in parallel.  We can run the scripts on different browsers in parallel.  Selenium Grid is a tool that dramatically speeds up functional testing of web-apps.  It allows you to easily run multiple tests in parallel, on multiple machines, in a heterogeneous environment.  Selenium Grid consists of a component called Selenium Hub which is the unique entry point for all the tests running by using Selenium Grid.

Heartbeat Mechanism
To ease the maintenance of a Selenium-Grid deployment:  Selenium Grid Hub sends periodic heartbeat messages to all registered Remote Controls to make sure that they are still up and running.  Selenium Grid Remote Controls send periodic heartbeat messages to the Hub to check that it still considers them as registered.

Selenium Grid-Setup

Questions

Mail me @ satish.tirumani@valuelabs.net