-:SHIP TRIALS & MANEUVERING:-

By: SANTOSH

Contents
Introduction to controllability Spiral test

Pull out test

Zig-zag test Turning circle test

Stopping test

Controllability Controllability of a Ship includes : Starting a ship  Maintaining steady heading  Control change in direction  Slowing  Stopping  Backing

-:Spiral test:If your rudder is fixed , does the ship maintain the straight line .??? The main purpose is to asses the straight line stability. If a ship does not have straight line stability ship will deviate from their on straight line path.

Steps involve in spiral test

 Set a steady course speed.  Give some rudder angle say 15 ( r).  After some time it will start steady turning rate( or r).  Measure or r.
 Reduce the rudder angle by small angle (say by 2 )  Measure or r.  Repeat the above steps till r=- r  Plot a graph b/w r & r.
 Generally skage is used to correct such type of instability.

Rudder angle Vs steady rate of turning

-:PULL OUT TEST:To find out the relation b/w rudder angle( r) & steady rate of turn( ). Almost related to Spiral test. Procedure to carry POT:---give study forward motion. ---set rudder angle say 20 . ---wait till is steady. --- bring rudder to zero. --- now note down the value of for each time
intervals. ---plot the graph b/w rate of turn & time.

-:ZIG-ZAG TEST: Response of Rudder.  Effect on ship when you give some rudder angle.  There are many type of ZIG-ZAG Maneuver test carried out like .. 1) 10/10 2)20/20 3)20/30 etc .

ZIG ZAG Maneuvering (10/10)

Set forward steady motion. Set rudder angle say10 . Wait , the ship to come heading angle 10 . As heading angle reaches 10 ,change the rudder angle to -10 .
Wait till the ship heading angle comes to -10 . Now ,again change the rudder angle to 10 . Wait till the heading angle comes to 10 . Plot the graph b/w ( r & ) along Y-axis and time along X-axis.

Zig-Zag maneuver

Turning Circle test

Ability of a vessel to turn. Important in case of small space during turning. Specially for large vessel @ port. Even this test is carried out by forward motion of the vessel. Steps involved:I. allow the vessel to move in straight . II. Give some rudder angle & maintain the RA. III. Now vessel will have steady turning rate.
IV. Measure advance, tactical, transfer distance, etc

Turning circle test

Advance & tactical diameter criteria

 IMO requires that the tactical diameter is to be less than 5 ship s length.  Advance is to be less than 4.5 ship s length.

Stopping test
Measured by track reach & head reach Realized in a stop engine & full astern maneuver. At the test speed until the ahead speed in ship ordinates changes sign. Base on IMO requirements the track should not exceed the 15 ship s length.

Stopping test

Stopping test & related definition

Track reach: Is defined as a distance along the vessel s track that the vessel s covers from the moment that the full astern command is given until ahead speed changes sign. Head reach: Is defined as a distance along the direction of the course at the moment when the full astern command is given.

Thank You .