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SIKLUS CARNOT
Hukum Termodinamika II
Hukum Termodinamika II
• Konsekwensi hukum
termodinamika II; mustahil
membuat mesin dengan efesiensi
100%.
– Automobile engine < 20%
– Diesel engine < 40%
– Turbine uap < 50 %
Refrigerators
• refrigerator
adalah mesin
kalor yang
bekerja secara
terbalik
Refrigerators
• Alat ini bekerja dalam
sebuah siklus, dimana
kerja dilakukan untuk
mengambil energi
panas |QL| dari dari
reservoir temperatur
dingin
• Coefficient of
performance C dari
refrigerator
didefinisikan :
Pompa Kalor
• Pompa kalor mentransfer panas dari
media temperatur rendah ke media
temperatur tinggi
• Coefficient of performance pompa
kalor :
Proses Reversible
2
4 3 3
The Carnot Principles
• The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less
than the efficiency of a reversible one operating between the
same two reservoirs. ηth, irrev < ηth, rev
Tc
eCarnot = 1−
Th
Carnot Efficiency
0.8
T 300 Lower TH
η =1− L
= 1− = 0.667 = 66.7%
Efficiency
0.6
T 900
th
H
Th( T )
0.4
Fixed T = 300( K ) and lowering T
L H
0.2
300
η (T ) = 1 − 0
200 400 600 800 1000
T
th H
H
T
The higher the temperature, the higher the "quality" Temperature (TH)
0.8
Efficiency
0.6
Fixed T = 900( K ) and increasing T
H L TH( TL )
0.4
T
η (T ) = 1 − L
0.2
900
th H
0
200 400 600 800 1000
TL
Temperature (TL)
Carnot Efficiency
• Similarly, the higher the temperature of the low-
temperature sink, the more difficult for a heat
engine to transfer heat into it, thus, lower thermal
efficiency also. That is why low-temperature
reservoirs such as rivers and lakes are popular for
this reason.
Carnot Efficiency