Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fibrilasi ventrikel primer Asistol primer Anoksia alveolar Asfiksia obstruksi/apnea Eksanguinasi Gagal paru Syok Gagal otak 2-3 menit
0 menit
? ?
Henti sirkulasi
5 mt ?
10 mt
15 mt
20 mt
SIRKULASI PULIH KEMBALI Napas spontan Napas spontan Napas spontan Apnea .
Sadar
Sadar/Stupor
Tidak Sadar
Tidak Sadar
Neurologis normal .
Neurologis defisit .
First A - B - C - D
Airway: Open the airway Breathing: Provide positive pressure ventilation Circulation: Give chest compressions Defibrilation: Shock VF/pulseless VT
Second A - B - C - D
Airway: Establish advanced airway control Perform endotracheal intubation Breathing: Assess the adequacy of ventilation via endotracheal tube Provide positive-pressure ventilations Circulation: Obtain IV access to administer fluids and medications Continue CPR Provide rhythm-appropriate cardiovascular pharmacology Differential Diagnosis: Identify the possible reasons for the arrest. Construct a differential diagnosis to identify reversible causes that have a specific therapy.
CPR, ONE RESCUER On the following screen, you will see an action sequence integrating the basics of CPR. This sequence will help to structure your decision making process during an emergency. It first adresses AIRWAY, then BREATHING, then CIRCULATION, the famous ABCs of CPR. The first sequence is for ONE resquer; the second sequence is for TWO resquers. CPR with foreign body obstruction, FBO, will be treated in the section dealing with foreign body obstruction.
Open airway using head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust. LOOK, LISTEN, FEEL for breathing.
In unconscious victim, the muscles in the tongue may relax, causing the tongue to block the airway
If NOT breathing, give two slow, full breaths. The two breaths should take a full five (5) seconds.
Opening airway using head tilt and chin lift during rescue breathing
LOOK to verify that the chest RISES. If chest does NOT rise reposition head. Is a PULSE present?
Assess whether victim is breathing by looking for chest movement, Listening for breath sounds, and feeling breath against ear or cheek
Determine if pulse exists by checking carotid artery located between Adams apple and neck muscle
If pulse present, give two slow, full breaths. The two breaths should take a full five (5) seconds.
Opening airway using head tilt and chin lift during rescue breathing
If NO PULSE, give 15 rapid, forceful cardiac compressions. The compressions must take only 10 - 12 seconds to complete!
Cardiac compression started by locating point two fingers above xyphoid process
Give TWO slow, full breaths, and verify that the chest rises. Then give 15 more cardiac compressions. Repeat this cycle two more times for a total of four (4) cycles.
Opening airway using head tilt and chin lift during rescue breathing
Stop and quickly check for breathing and pulse. IF NO BREATHING AND NO PULSE: Continue CPR until help arrives. IF PULSE PRESENT BUT NO BREATHING: Begin resque breathing at the rate of 15 breaths per minute. Each breath must take 2 seconds. IF PULSE PRESENT AND BREATHING: Congratutation! You saved the patient.
AIRWAY VENTILATION DURING TWO RESCUER CPR 1. Each ventilation requires two (2) seconds 2. Verify that chest rises. 3. Second rescuer is in position for chest compressions. 4. For adults, the sequence is one (1) ventilation for every five (5) compressions.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS DURING TWO RESCUER CPR 1. Five (5) chest compressions in four (4) seconds. 2. Depress sternum 1 to 2 inches, or 4 to 5 centimeters. 3. Second rescuer is in place for airway ventilation.
The leader then gives one (1) rescue breath, and the second rescuer follows with five (5) cardiac compressions. This cycle is repeated eight (8) more times for a total of ten (10) cycles.
Stop and quickly check for breathing and pulse. IF NO BREATHING AND NO PULSE: Continue CPR until help arrives. IF PULSE PRESENT BUT NO BREATHING: Begin rescue breathing at the rate of 15 breaths per minute. Each breath must take 2 seconds. IF PULSE PRESENT AND BREATHING: Congratulation! You saved the patient.
In summary, during two rescuer CPR, one rescuer assumes the leader role and the second rescuer may do any of the following four tasks: Go for help....activate EMS.call 911 Monitor victim during CPR Perform CPR when the leader tires Perform two (2) rescuer CPR as described earlier
Mengakhiri resusitasi
1. Sirkulasi dan ventilasi spontan yang efektif telah timbul 2. Resusitasi diambil alih oleh yang berkompeten 3. Tidak sadar, pernapasan spontan (-), dilatasi pupil 15-30 menit 4. Asistole selama 30 menit setelah RJP dan obat optimal 5. Stadium terminal suatu penyakit 6. Penolong terlalu lelah
nadi carotis (+) > 60 mmHg nadi radialis (+) > 80 mmHg
VF / VT nadi carotis tak teraba A-B-C sampai defibrilator terpasang 200 J -- 200-300 J -- 360 J
VF / VT
A-B-C intubasi, IV line
PEA
ASYSTOLE
ROSC
Adrenaline 1-1-1 mg tiap 3-5 DC shock 360 J dalam 30-60 Obat klas IIa DC shock 360 J dalam 30-60 POLA : obat-DC-obat-DC
Jaga jalan nafas Bantu nafas Obat u/ tek darah, nadi, irama Lidocain 1,0 - 1,5 mg/kg tiap 3-5 sp 3 mg/kg MgSO4 1-2 gm u/torsades Procainamide 30mg/min Na-bicarb 1 meq/kg
Non-Synch
Synchronized
Khusus VF/VT
tidak ada QRS yang baik
SVT / PVC
ada QRS yang baik
DC-Shock Discharge
Tidak menunggu gelombang R
DC-Shock Discharge
Menunggu gelombang R dikenali
PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ada kompleks ECG tetapi nadi carotis tak teraba Electromechanical Dissociation Idioventricular rhythm / escape Brady-asystolic rhythm A-B-C intubasi, IV line Adrenaline 1-1-1 mg tiap 3-5 Jika bradikardia Atropin 1-1-1 mg tiap 3-5 sampai 3 mg Obat klas IIa SINGKIRKAN :
Hipovolemia Hipoksia Hipotermia Hiperkalemia Tamponade jantung Tension pneumothorax Emboli paru luas Infark jantung luas Asidosis Overdose B-block, Ca-block, Digitalis, Trisiklik