by: Eiicl Fiomm

Lr|ch Iromm
(March 23 1900 March 18 1980)
8ACkGkCUND CI 1nLCk
# evenis ilai influenced Fiomm's ileoiy
Family fiiend wlo commiiied suicide wlen lei failei
died- wly?
WWI-wly ile laie?
Tiaining wiil Talmudic ieacleis
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
leavily inspiied by lis exiensive lnowledge on lisioiy
liieiaiuie, plilosoply and sociology.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
LssenLlal Lheme of lromm's Lheorv
peison feels lonely and isolaied because le oi sle
las become sepaiaied fiom naiuie and fiom oilei
people. Tlis condiiion of isolaiion is noi found in any
oilei species of animal; ii is disiinciive luman
siiuaiion
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
Wlen lumans became a disiinci and sepaiaie species
fiom ile animal evoluiion, iley losi all ileii animal
insiincis bui gained "an inciease in biain developmeni
ilai peimiiied self-awaieness, imaginaiion, planning,
and doubi" (Fiomm, i:, p.)
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
numan D||emma
uman beings lave no poweiful insiincis io adapi io a
clanging woild; insiead iley lave acquiied ile faciliiy
io ieason
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
Lx|stent|a| D|chotom|es
i. Life and deail
:. umans aie capable of concepiualizing ile goal of
compleie self-iealizaiion, bui we aie awaie ilai life is
ioo sloii io ieacl ilai goal.
#. People aie uliimaiely alone, yei we cannoi ioleiaie
isolaiion.
2 a|ternat|ves
O io escape fiom fieedom inio inieipeisonal
dependencies
O io move io self-iealizaiion iliougl pioduciive love and
woil
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
1he 8urden of Ireedom
isioiically, as people gained moie and moie economic
and poliiical fieedom iley came io feel incieasingly
moie isolaied iesulis io basi anxitv- ile feeling of
being alone in ile woild
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
Mechan|sms of Lscape
i. uiloiiiaiianism
:. Desiiuciiveness
#. Confoimiiy
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
Author|tar|an|sm
O iendency io give up one's independence and io uniie
wiil a poweiful paiinei
O Can iale in ile foim of masoclism oi sadism
O Masohism- iesulis fiom ile basic feelings of
poweilessness, wealness, and infeiioiiiy (disguised as
love oi loyaliy)
O Sadism- moie neuioiic and socially laimful
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
3 sad|st|c tendenc|es
O ile need io male oileis dependeni on oneself
O Tle compulsion io exploii oileis; io iale advaniage
O Tle desiie io see oileis suffei, eiilei plysically oi
psyclologically
2 Destruct|veness
O iooied in ile feelings of aloneness, isolaiion, and
poweilessness
O Ii seels io do away wiil oilei people
O By desiioying people and obiecis, a peison oi a naiion
aiiempis io iesioie feelings of powei
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
3Conform|ty
O suiiendeiing of one's individualiiy in oidei io meei ile
wisles of oileis.
O People wlo confoim become lile iobois
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
9C5I1IVL IkLLDCM
Repiesenis a successful soluiion io ile luman
dilemma of being paii of ile naiuial woild and yei
sepaiaie fiom ii
sponianeous aciiviiy of ile wlole, iniegiaied
peisonaliiy, and wlicl is aclieved wlen a peison
becomes ieuniied wiil oileis.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
numan Needs
Tle basic luman needs( xistntia! nds) aie ile
needs foi:
O Relaiedness
O Tianscendence
O Rooiedness
O Ideniiiy
O fiame of oiieniaiion
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
kLLA1LDNL55
O Tle diive foi union wiil anoilei peison oi peisons
# basic ways a peison ielaies io ile woild:
i) Submission
:)Powei
#)Love
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
5ubm|ss|on 9ower
In symbioiic ielaiionslips, ile iwo paiineis !iv on
ah othv and Ivom ah othv , satisIving thiv
vaving Iov !osnss, vt suIIving Ivom th !ak
oI innv stvngth and s!I-v!ian whih wou!d
vquiv Ivdom and indpndn
(Fvomm,II,p.i).
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
Love
ile only iouie by wlicl a peison can become uniied
wiil ile woild and, ai ile same iime , aclieve
individualiiy and iniegiiiy
ulfferenL klnds of LCVL
O INFNTILE LOVE: I am loved because I am loved.
O MTURE LOVE: I am loved because I love.
O IMMTURE LOVE: I love you because I need you.
Nadynne Marie Raagas Esguerra
O MTURE LOVE: I need you because I love you.
O FTERLY LOVE: Condiiional. Ii musi be deseived.
You musi woil foi ii. Faileily conscience is buili on
lis capaciiy io ieason.
O MOTERLY LOVE. Uncondiiional. Moilei conscience
is buili on lei own capaciiy io love.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
2 1ranscendence
O Uige io iise above a passive and accidenial exisience
and inio ile iealm of puiposefulness and fieedom
O man can eiilei cieaie oi desiioy
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
creaLlve
O To cieaie means io be aciive and caie aboui ile ilings
we cieaie
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
desLrucLlve
Fvomm idntiIid thv tvps oI aggvssion
O Bnign Aggvssion (of a beneficial naiuie,
piomoiing well-being)-Men and animals do figli
insiinciively io pioieci ileii viial inieiesis
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
O DInsiv Aggvssion Man can foiesee ilieai and
plan foi fuiuie ilieais based on pasi expeiience.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
O Ma!ignant Aggvssion. Tle ilougli belind ile aci is
impoiiani. n inieni io do laim io anoilei. Lile
benign and malignani cancei, malignani aggiession
las a iendency io giow and gei oui of land.
O io lill foi ieasons oilei ilan suivival
O Lusi foi blood
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
3 Lvpes of seudoAaaresslon
O Aidnta! aggvssion. One migli luii anoilei
wiiloui ile inieniion io do ilis. ccidenial aggiession
may oi may noi be due io oui moiives.
O P!avIu! aggvssion. . im: io exeicise slill. icleiy,
swoidfigliing, eic. ggiession may come oui in
compeiiiiveness.
O S!I-assvtiv aggvssion. Typifies meaning of
aggiession in moving iowaid a goal wiiloui undue
lesiiaiion, doubi, oi feai.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
3 kootedness
O Tle need io esiablisl ioois oi io feel ai lome again in
ile woild
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
O Pioduciively, iooiedness enables us io giow beyond
ile secuiiiy of oui moilei and esiablisl iies wiil ile
ouiside woild.
O Wiil ile nonpioduciive siiaiegy, we become fixaied
and afiaid io move beyond ile secuiiiy and safeiy of
oui moilei oi a moilei subsiiiuie.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
5ense of Ident|ty
O Tle capaciiy io be awaie of ouiselves as a sepaiaie
ideniiiy
O "I am I," oi "I am ile subieci of my aciions."
O Wiiloui a sense of ideniiiy, people could noi ieiain
ileii saniiy
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
Irame of Cr|entat|on
O Fiomm meani a ioad map oi consisieni plilosoply by
wlicl we find oui way iliougl ile woild.
O Tlis need is expiessed nonpioduciively as a siiiving
foi iiiaiional goals
O and pioduciively as movemeni iowaid iaiional goals.
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
5UMMAk CI IkCMM'5 nUMAN NLLD5
Negat|ve
Components
9os|t|ve
Components
ke|atedness Submission oi dominaiion Love
1ranscendence Desiiuciiveness Cieaiiveness
kootedness Fixaiion Wloleness
5ense of Ident|ty diusimeni io a gioup Individualiiy
Irame of Cr|entat|on Iiiaiional Goals Raiional Goals
Nadynne Maiie Raagas Esgueiia
O CHARACTER ORIENTATIONS: Peison's ielaiively
peimaneni way of ielaiing io people and ilings
O Claiaciei- "ile ielaiively peimaneni sysiem of all
noninsiinciual siiivings iliougl wlicl man ielaies
limself io ile luman and naiuial woild" (Fiomm,
i#, p. ::)
ara Gabrielle De Jesus
People acquiie ilings iliougl any one of ile nonpioduciive
claiaciei oiieniaiions:
i. Receiving ilings passively
:. Exploiiing, oi ialing ilings iliougl foice
#. oaiding obiecis
. Maileiing oi exclanging ilings
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
kecept|ve Characters(accepLlna)
O always feel ilai ile souice of all good ilings lie ouiside
ilemselves
O iley waii foi ilings if iley do noi ieceive ii
immediaiely.
O Tley aie also moie conceined wiil ieceiving ilan
giving.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
CuallLles of 8ecepLlve CharacLers
(+) ()
ccepiing
Responsive
Devoied
Modesi
Claiming
dapiable
Socially adiusied
Idealisiic
Sensiiive
Poliie
Opiimisiic
Tiusiing
Tendei
Passive, wiiloui iniiiaiive
Opinionless, claiacieiless
submissive
Wiiloui piide
Paiasiiical
Unpiincipled
Seivile, Wiiloui self -
confidence
Uniealisiic
Cowaidly
Spineless
Wislful ilinling
Gullible
Seniimenial
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Lxp|o|tat|ve Character (Laklna)
O Lile Recepiive claiacieis, iley also believe ilai all
good is found ouiside ilemselves.
O Unlile iecepiive claiacieis ilougl, exploiiaiive
claiacieis aggiessively iale wlai iley ilinl iley
deseive iailei ilan passively ieceive ii.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
CuallLles of LxplolLaLlve CharacLers
(+) ()
ciive
ble io iale iniiiaiive
ble io male claims
Pioud
Impulsive
Self - confidani
Capiivaiing
Exploiiaiive
ggiessive
Egoceniiic
Conceiied
Rasl
iiogani
Seducing
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
noard|ng Characters (reservlna)
O Tley see ile woild as possessions.
O Tley lold eveiyiling inside and do noi lei go of
anyiling.
O Tlese people iend io live in ile pasi and dislile
anyiling new] clange.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
CuallLles of Poardlna CharacLers
(+) ()
Piaciical
Economical
Caieful
Reseived
Paiieni
Cauiious
Sieadfasi, ienacious
Impeiiuibable
Composed undei siiess
Oideily
Meilodical
Loyal
Unimaginaiive
Siingy
Suspicious
Cold
Leilaigic
nxious
Siubboin
Indoleni
Ineii
Pedaniic
Obsessional
Possessive
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Market|ng Characters(exchanalna)
O "Success is a maiiei of low well I can sell myself,
paclage myself and adveiiise myself."
O Maileiing people lave no peimaneni piinciples oi
values.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
CuallLles of MarkeLlna CharacLers
(+) (-)
Puiposeful
ble io clange
Youilful
Foiwaid - looling
Open - minded
Social
Expeiimeniing
Undogmaiic
Efficieni
Cuiious
Inielligeni
dapiable
Toleiani
Wiiiy
Geneious
Oppuiiunisiic
Inconsisiani
Clildisl
Wiiloui a fuiuie oi pasi
Wiiloui piinciple and values
Unable io be alone
imless
Relaiivisiic
Oveiaciive
Taciless
Inielleciualisiic
Undisciiminaiing
Indiffeieni
Silly
Wasieful
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
9kCDUC1IVL CkILN1A1ICN (person
wlLhouL Lhe mask")
O lealiliesi of all claiaciei iypes
O only iliougl pioduciive aciiviiy can people solve ile
basic luman dilemma: io uniie wiil ile woild and
wiil oileis wlile ieiaining uniqueness and
individualiiy.
O as iliee dimensions- woiling, loving and ieasoning
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
@P8LL ulMLnSlCnS Cl
8CuuC@lvL C8lLn@A@lCn
Pvodutiv Wovk
O value woil as a means of cieaiive self expiession.
O Do noi woil io exploii oileis, mailei ilemselves oi
wiildiaw fiom oileis. Insiead, iley woil simply as a
means io pioduce life's necessiiies.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
@P8LL ulMLnSlCnS Cl
8CuuC@lvL C8lLn@A@lCn
Pvodutiv Lov
claiacieiized by foui qualiiies of love- caie,
iesponsibiliiy, iespeci and lnowledge
"Iove s unon wh someone or somehno whle
reonno he seporoeness onJ neory of
ones own self.(Fvomm, II, p.)
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
@P8LL ulMLnSlCnS Cl
8CuuC@lvL C8lLn@A@lCn
O lealily people posses bioplilia: passionaie love of
life and all ilai is alive
O "ll people lave ile capaciiy foi pioduciive love, bui
mosi do noi aclieve ii because iley cannoi fiisi love
ilemselves."
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
@P8LL ulMLnSlCnS Cl
8CuuC@lvL C8lLn@A@lCn
Pvodutiv Thinking
O moiivaied by a conceined inieiesi in anoilei peison oi
obieci.
O see oileis foi wlo iley aie and noi as wlo iley would
wisl ilem io be
O iley also lnow ilemselves foi wlo iley aie and lave
no need foi self delusion
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Tle socieiy ilai will give way io ile
pioduciive iype DOES NOT YET
EXIST BUT Fiomm las an idea of wlai
ii will be lile.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
numan|st|c Commun|tar|an 5oc|a||sm
O umanisiic- means oiienied iowaids luman beings,
and noi iowaids some liglei eniiiy.
O Communiiaiian- means composed of small
communiiies as opposed io big goveinmenis oi
coipoiaiions.
O Socialism- means eveiyone is iesponsible foi ile
welfaie of one anoilei.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
ln Lhls socleLv
O Eacl peison is an aciive and iesponsible paiiicipani in
ile life of socieiy, as well as masiei of lis oi lei own
life
O People aie siimulaied io ielaie io eacloilei lovingly
O Eveiyone's pioduciive aciiviiy in lis oi lei woil is
fuiileied
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Fiomm believed ilai lealily people iely on some
combinaiion of ile five claiaciei oiieniaiions. Tleii
suivival as lealily individuals depend on ileii abiliiy
io ieceive ilings fiom oileis, iale ilings wlen
appiopiiaie, io pieseive ilings, io exclange ilings and
io woil, love and ilinl pioduciively.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Tle social aiiangemenis undei wlicl a peison lives
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Bio!ogia!( Fvud) + Soioonomi(Mavx)
Family wleie you came fiom+ social class, minoiiiy
siaius, educaiion, vocaiion, ieligious 8 plilosoplical
baclgiound
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
5ymb|ot|c Iam|||es
O Some membeis of ile family aie "swallowed up" by
oilei membeis, so iley do noi fully develop
peisonaliiies of ileii own
Mecl. of escape: uiloiiiaiian
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
In 1rad|t|ona| 5oc|et|es
i. Tle paieni "swallows"
ile clild, so ilai ile
clild's peisonaliiy is
meiely a iefleciion of
ile paieni's wisles
:. Clild "swallows"
paienis ile clild
dominaies oi
manipulaies ile paieni
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
J|thdraw|ng Iam|||es
O Cool, indiffeieni
O Bouigeoisie 8 meiclani class
O Paienis aie veiy demanding of ileii clildien, wlo aie
expecied io live up io ligl, well-defined siandaids.
O Punislmeni is a foimal affaii
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
O Clildien in ilese culiuies become iailei siiongly
diiven io succeed in wlaievei ileii culiuie defines as
success
PURITANICAL STYLE
O Peifeciionism, living by ile iules
O Rules aie moie impoiiani ilan people
desiiuciiveness is ineviiable
Mecl. of escape: desiiuciive
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Modvn Fami!v
- Found in ile mosi advanced paiis of ile woild
- Raise clildien as equals
Failei: becomes boy's besi buddy
Moilei: a daugliei's soul maie
Paienis become indiffeieni
Mecl. of escape: confoimiiy
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
nea|thy fam||y
O Paienis ieacl ileii clildien ieason in an aimospleie
of love
O Clildien leain io aclnowledge ileii fieedom and io
iale iesponsibiliiy foi ilemselves, and uliimaiely foi
socieiy as a wlole
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Fiom did noi specify diffeieni siages foi a peison's
developmeni bui le siaied ilai clanges in socieiy
coniiibuie io a peison's giowil.
Caia Gabiielle De Iesus
Paiiica nn Ciuz
9Lk5CNALI1 DI5CkDLk5
i. NECROPILI
:. MLIGNNT NRCISSISM
#. INCESTUOUS SYMBIOSIS
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
NLCkC9nILIA
- Love of deail
- Desiie of sexual coniaci wiil a coipse
- lieinaiive claiaciei oiieniaiion io
BIOPILI
- become iacisis, waimongeis, and bullies
- Deail, desiiuciion, disease and decay
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
MALIGNAN1 NAkCI55I5M
- eveiyiling ilai belongs io a naicissisiic
peison is liglly valued, wlile eveiyiling
ilai belongs io anoilei is devauled
- iley iale pleasuie in desiioying ilose
wlom iley iegaid as infeiioi
- lypoclondiiasis
- moial lypoclondiiasis

Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz

Pvpochondrlasls
O n obsessive aiieniion io one's lealil
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
Moral hvpochondrlasls
O Pieoccupaiion wiil guili aboui pievious iiansgiessions
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
MALIGNAN1 NAkCI55I5M
O Neuioiic claims (oiney)
- iley aclieve secuiiiy by lolding on io ile
disioiied belief ilai ileii exiiaoidinaiy qualiiies
give ilem supeiioiiiy ovei eveiyone else.
O " ile mosi seveie pailology and ile iooi of ile
mosi vicious desiiuciiveness and inlumaniiy"
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
INCL51UCU5 5M8IC5I5
- exiieme dependence on ile moilei oi
suiiogaie moilei
- neuioiic symbioiic ielaiionslip wiil ile
moilei
- moilei fixaiion
- "Sexual siiivings aie noi ile cause of
ile fixaiion io moilei, bui ile RESULT."
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
SYNDROME OF
DECAY
- Necioplilia
- Malignani naicissism
- Incesiuous Symbiosis
SYNDROME OF
GROWTH
- Bioplilia
- Love
- Posiiive Fieedom
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
CPAnCL
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
95CnC1nLkA9
O umanisiic Psycloanalysis
O inieipeisonal aspecis of a ileiapeuiic encouniei
O aim of ileiapy
O To seel saiisfaciion of ileii luman needs:
Relaiedness, Tianscendence, Rooiedness, Sense of
Ideniiiy, and Fiame of Oiieniaiion
O TERPIST PTIENT
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
95CnC1nLkA9
O Dieams
- expiessed in symbolic language (only univeisal
language lumans lave developed)
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
!atricia Ann Alonzo ruz
5oc|a| Character |n a Mex|can
V|||age
O Maileiing claiaciei did noi exisi among ile villageis
O Oilei claiaciei]peisonaliiy iypes:
i. Nonpioduciive-iecepiive iype
:. Pioduciive-loaiding iype
#. Nonpioduciive-exploiiaiive iype
. Pioduciive exploiiaiive iype
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
nonproducLlverecepLlve Lvpe
O Villageis wlo lool up io ilose supeiioi io ilem
O Tley ieceive ileii pay in seivile faslion, as if iley lave
noi eained ii
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
roducLlve Poardlna Lvpe
O Tlose wlo aie laidwoiling, pioduciive and
independeni
O Tley lave ileii own ploi of land and ielied saving paii
of eacl ciop foi seed and foi food in ile eveni of a
fuiuie ciop failuie
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
nonproducLlveexplolLaLlve Lvpe
O Men would gei inio lnife oi pisiol figlis
O Women iended io be malicious gossipmongeis
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
roducLlveexplolLaLlve Lvpe
O Riclesi]poweiful men in ile village
O Tley lad ialen advaniage of ile nonpioduciive-
iecepiive villageis by leeping ilem economically
dependeni
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
A 9sychoh|stor|ca| 5tudy of
n|t|er
O Teclnique: Psvhohistovv] Psvhobiogvaphv
O fiei numeious failuies le became moie involved
in lis own woild, le was ieseniful of oileis, le
was moie moiivaied foi ievenge, moie necioplilic
O "Eacl failuie caused a giavei wound io lis
naicissism and a deepei lumiliaiion ilan ile
pievious one."
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O Wlen le lad powei noi only did le male lis
enemies suiiendei, bui le annililaied ilem as
well
O iilei was an example of a peison wiil ile
syndiome of decay
Necioplilia
Malignani Naicissism
Incesiuous Symbiosis
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
necrophllla
O Desiioying buildings and ciiies
O is oideis io lill "defeciive" people
O is boiedom
O is slaugliei of millions of Iews
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
MallananL narclsslsm
O Only inieiesied in limself and lad no inieiesi in
anyone else excepi ilose wlo seived lim
O Relaiionslips lacled love and iendeiness, iusi
peiveiied peisonal pleasuie
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
lncesLuous svmblosls
O Passionaie devoiion noi io lis moilei bui io ile
Geiman iace
O Sadomasoclisiic
O Wiildiawn
O Lacled love and compassion
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
Lstrangement from cu|ture and
we||be|ng
O Esiiangemeni and lienaiion: lumans lave been
iemoved fiom naiuie
O Tesi wleilei oi noi disciepancies beiween a peison's
own beliefs and ile way ile peison peiceived ile
beliefs of lis oi lei socieiy led io feelings of
esiiangemeni
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O Tle moie a peison iepoiied ilai lis oi lei values weie
disciepani fiom socieiy in geneial, ile moie lilely le
oi sle was io lave a siiong feeling of esiiangemeni.
O Tle moie disiani people feel fiom ilose aiound ilem
in ileii communiiy, ile moie people aie lilely io feel
isolaied
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O Tlese feelings can be lessened if a peison can find a
gioup of people wlo slaie ileii beliefs.
O Ii is laimful, if people feel esiianged noi only fiom
socieiy in geneial, bui also fiom ilose closesi io ilem
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
@he burden of freedom and pollLlcal
persuaslons
O uiloiiiaiianism
- involves geiiing siiengil by uniiing wiil a peison oi
belief sysiem ilai is moie poweiful
- by being loyal io a poliiical paiiy
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O Confoimiiy
- involves giving up youi own individualiiy io become
someone oilei people desiie you io be
- by giving up youi independeni ilougli by going
along wiil a paiiiculai poliiical paiiy's beliefs oi
siance
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O is wiiiings aie siimulaiing and insigliful, but thv
hav pvodud vvv !itt! mpivia! vsavh in th
Ii!d oI pvsona!itv psvho!ogv.
O is ideas weie moie soio!ogia! ilan psvho!ogia!
O is abstvat model was mov phi!osophia! ilan
scieniific
O is essays and aigumenis aie noi as populai as iley
weie o yeais ago
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
O Ii is nieilei falsifiable oi veiifiable
O enables io oiganize and explain daia
O Ii is noi so piaciical
O Low on inieinal consisiency
O Low on Paisimony
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz
!atricia Ann Alonzo ruz
O Boil pessimisiic and opiimisiic
O middle giound on fiee cloice vs. deieiminism
O e sliglily favouied ieleology ovei causaliiy
O Middle siance on conscious vs. unconscious
O Placed moie impoiiance on social influences iailei
ilan biological ones
O Modeiaie emplasis on similaiiiies among people
Paiiicia nn lonzo Ciuz