Reka Cipta, Inovasi & Kreativiti

Our world is very different from the world of our ancestors. Tens of thousands of inventions and discoveries have transformed the way we do things and the way we think. An invention is something new, created by arranging things in some novel way. A discovery is a thing or principle that already existed, needing only to be found. But it is often difficult to tell where invention ends and discovery begins. Whatever they are, few inventions or discoveries are made overnight. There is usually a period of preparation before they emerge. Even then, they take time to act. An invention may take years to displace existing methods. A discovery may take generations to change habits of thought. (Bridmann, 2000)

Imagine a world where no one has discovered electricityor a world where electricity has been discovered, but the inventions didnt know what to do with it! There would be no telephones, radios, televisions, computer game, internetthe list goes on and on. Think how different the whole story of the world would be without these, and other, great inventions. Without the invention of aeroplanes and later, the jet engine, for example, a journey from Britain to Australia could take a very and I mean very long time. Now, nowhere in the world is more than 24 hours away in the fastest planes.
Adargh (2000)

Konsep Reka cipta

A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. An original device, idea, or process originated after study and experiment - a discovery or a new finding. A new device, process, and so on, that has been created. Can be in either physical or conceptual form. Pre-existing knowledge is combined in a new way to yield something that did not before exist. An invention is any new thing that makes something faster, easier, more powerful, more efficient, more attractive, more accurate, more fun, or more productive in short just plain better.

Formula Reka cipta

(TRIZ method) Masalah + Idea + (Teori) + Kepakaran + R&D + Material + Modal + Paten ___________________________________ REKA CIPTA ___________________________________

Creative problem solving begins when knowledge and simply thinking about a problem fails One sometimes finds what one is not looking for
Alexander Fleming

Sebatang besi buruk bernilai RM5, jika anda mengambil besi buruk tersebut dan hasilkan ladam kuda nilainya akan bertambah RM50.50, dan jika ia digunakan untuk membuat jarum nilainya akan meningkat kepada RM3,285. Jika anda menghasilkan spring jam ia akan bernilai RM250,000. Perbezaan antara RM5 dan RM250,000 adalah KREATIVITI, REKA CIPTA dan INOVASI Ripleys Believe It or Not

Invention is science-driven, and today ultimately derives from the codification of theoretical knowledge, and from the unfolding logic of technology, such as miniaturization, greater speeds, use of and adaptation to new materials, etc.
Daniel Bell, 2001

SAINS
TEKNOLOGI PENEMUAN KEJURUTERAAN

INVENSYEN

determines the upper limits of a persons ability to obtain and store information without actually being itself part of creativity. The degree of creativity depends upon the amount of novelty created in the processing of the information made available by intelligence. Cropley (2003)

Intelligence

At some point in their lives, each of these individuals discovered the most important key to creativity. They actively used their imaginations to go beyond their knowledge.Gamez (2000)

Bioteknologi Kuasa Atom Komputer kapalterbang Sintetik Telefon Fotograf Bot wap Enjin Lombong Alat pintal Jenny LOOM Enjin wap Watt Undang-undang Newton, Enjin wap (NEWCOMEN) REVOLUSI INDUSTRI Elektrik Tulisan Zaman Gangsa Serbuk peledak Magnet, Teleskop Telegraf Lokomotif

Teknologi nano

SPACE TRAVEL

Televisyen Radar plastik Kamera

Api, Alatan Batu

Pembuatan kertas di Timur Tengah Pengairan, sistem perparitan Zaman Besi

Reka cipta Abad ke-21

Pengklonan Produk kesihatan dan penjagaan diri Internet dan kepintaran buatan (AI) Kad pintar Produk sukan Produk hiburan berkonsep maya Komunikasi segera capaian seluruh dunia Penggunaan sel solar secara menyeluruh Akhbar elektronik Hand videophone Darah, jantung, paru-paru, buah pinggang, hati dan telinga tiruan Sistem wang elektronik Teknologi robotik dalam pelbagai bidang pekerjaan, permainan kanak-kanak dan barangan pengguna Telesidang tiga dimensi Kereta pintar Kejuruteraan genetik dalam makanan, perubatan dan sebagainya Mutasi manusia

Reka cipta
Mencipta produk (1) Baru dan unik. (2) Asli. (3) Risiko tinggi. (4) Toleran terhadap kesilapan. (5) Komitmen jangka panjang. (6) Berterusan. (7) Proses yang kompleks. (8) Bermula daripada tiada. (9) Hasil tidak dapat dijangka. (10) Lazimnya melibatkan individu dan bersifat kepuasan.

Inovasi
Membuat perubahan (1) Penambahbaikan. (2) Modifikasi. (3) Risiko rendah. (4) Pengurusan risiko. (5) Komitmen untuk mencapai matlamat. (6) Berubah-ubah. (7) Proses yang bersistematik. (8) Bermula dengan sesuatu yang telah ada. (9) Hasil dirancang dan dapat dijangka. (10) Lazimnya melibatkan organisasi dan bersifat komersial.

Kategori Pereka Cipta

Pereka cipta yang bekerja dalam industri dan bisnes (captive inventor) iaitu bekerja sebagai penyelidik. Pereka cipta bebas (independent inventor) iaitu pereka cipta yang menjadikan aktiviti reka cipta sebagai kerjaya sepenuh masa dan kerja sambilan.

One sometimes finds what one is not looking for

Alexander Fleming

being at the right place and the right time.

Kesan EUREKA!
pencarian yang panjang memperoleh progress yang kecil kejadian yang tidak dirancang pancaran kognitif transformasi

Bette Nesmith (setiausaha) Liquid paper Hubert Booth (jurutera jambatan) vacum cleaner King Camp Gillette (jurujual) Pisau cukur Wright Bersaudara (tukang basikal) Kapal terbang Samuel Moorse (pelukis) Alat telegraf Robert Fulton (guru) Bot kuasa wap Kimberly Clark (jurujual) tisu kleenex W.K Kellogs (pekerja restoran) makanan bijirin J.B Dunlop (doktor haiwan) Tayar Penumatik Marion Donavon (suri rumah) - diapers

Idea-idea kreatif kerapkali diterbitkan oleh orang-orang yang salah, dari jabatan yang salah, yang mempunyai latarbelakang yang salah, dalam unit-unit yang salah dan pada waktu yang salah

Tom Peters

Reka cipta Konkrit

yFokus utama dalam bidang Sains dan Teknologi (sains gunaan)

Reka cipta Sosial

ySains sosial (sosiologi, sains politik, pendidikan,undang-undang, linguistik, komunikasi, antropologi, geografi dan sebagainya) yProduk boleh dikomersialkan yMenjalankan Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan yManusia sebagai pusat masalah yBerasaskan teori dan model sains sosial

yProduk boleh dikomersialkan yMenjalankan Penyelidikan, Pembangunan dan teknologi yManusia sebagai pusat masalah yBerasaskan teori dan model sains fundamental

Pereka cipta?
a man (they were all men) had to have obtained a patent or applied for a patent Someone whos the first to think of or make something Anyone whos involvement and contribution was essential to the development of the invention Someone who creates or produces an original device, idea or process Manakala Nobel e-Museum mendefinisikan pereka cipta sebagai; An inventor is someone who makes or produces things and objects for the first time through the use of the imagination or of ingenious thinking and experiment An inventor is a person which creates new inventions, typically mechanical or electrical machines or others devices of practical use.

Eksperimen & Pembangunan Produk

Produk Tempoh eksperimen 30 tahun 30 tahun 22 tahun 7 tahun

Antibiotik Zip Kopi segera Pen mata bola

Katalis Reka cipta?

Survival dan gaya hidup masyarakat Sistem pendidikan Penulisan dan filem fiksyen sains Perubahan hidup dan keperluan semasa Bakat dan kepintaran manusia Menyelesaikan masalah & R&D Faktor-faktor alam (gempa bumi, banjir, tsunami dll) Kekayaan Sumber alam Penguasaan dan persaingan

``We are building airplanes, not cement walks. If you want to build cement sidewalks, then you can do away with engineering. Just mix the materials, pour them into a form and collect your money. But if you want to build and sell airplanes, you first have to create them. That takes research and development, and testing, and engineering.'' Claire Egtvedt, First Boeing Head of Engineering

Pertandingan Reka Cipta

Hammcher Schlemmer Search For Invention Contest, U.S National Invention Contest For Kids , U.S German International Invention Show, Nuremberg Taipei International Invention Show & Technomart Sydney Star Invention Contest, Australia Student Invention Contest, South Korea Alabama Inventors Open Contest, U.S Energy Inventions Contest, U.S National Invention Contest, Manila, Philipines European Union Contest for Young Scientist British Invention Show Lemelson MIT prize PHILIPS Young Inventors Challenge Seoul International Invetion Fair, South Korea An International Invention, Innovation, Technology Exhibition and Competition, Malaysia (ITEX) Pameran Reka abentuk Graduan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi

Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, Switzerland

Harta Intelek (IP)

Arief (2002) menyatakan bahawa harta intelektual menurut undang-undang ciptaan mempunyai empat elemen penting iaitu; Sekumpulan hak yang diberi oleh undangundang seperti hak cipta, tanda niaga, paten, reka bentuk perindustrian dan sebagainya. Hak tersebut disabitkan pada maklumat atau idea yang digambarkan dalam barang ciptaan dan bukan pada barang ciptaan tersebut. Maklumat atau idea itu mestilah telah dizahirkan dalam barang ciptaan. Ia bertujuan untuk melindungi hasil usaha pencipta terutamanya dalam knteks ekonomi.

Undang-undang IP

Di Malaysia, terdapat empat jenis perlindungan harta intelektual iaitu:

Akta Cap Dagangan 1976 Akta Paten 1983 Akta Hak Cipta 1987 Akta Reka Bentuk Perindustrian 1996 Akta Petunjuk Geografi 2000 Akta Reka Bnetuk Susun Atur Litar Bersepadu 2000

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