Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. Electromagnetic energy passes through space at the speed of light in the form of sinusoidal waves. Divided into

Gamma rays X rays Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Microwaves Radios waves

Radio frequency
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) < 109 > 0.3m < 7x 10-7

They are used for transmission of data, via modulation. Television, mobile phones, wireless networking and amateur radio all use radio waves.

Microwave
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) 109 - 3x1011 0.001 - 0.3 7x10-7 - 2x10-4

Low-intensity microwave radiation is used in Wi-Fi. Used by microwaves to heat electromagnetically.

Infrared Radiation
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) 3x1011 - 3.9x1014 7.6x10-7 - 0.001

It can be divided into three parts:

Far-infrared, 300 GHz (1 mm) to 30 THz (10 m). Mid-infrared, from 30 to 120 THz (10 to 2.5 m). Near-infrared, from 120 to 400 THz (2,500 to 750 nm).

2x10-4 - 0.3

Used in night vision devices. Used in short range communication between handheld devices.

Visible Radiation
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) 3.9x1014 - 7.9x1014 3.8x10-7 - 7.6x10-7 0.3 - 0.5

The range in which the sun and stars similar to it emit most of their radiation. Human eye detects Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (790 400 terahertz) and perceived as visible light. Optical fiber transmits light which carries data that can be translated into sound or an image.

Ultraviolet Light
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) 7.9x1014 - 3.4x1016 8x10-9 - 3.8x10-7 0.5 - 20

This is radiation whose wavelength is shorter than the violet end of the visible spectrum. UV can break chemical bonds, making molecules unusually reactive or ionizing them (photoelectric effect). Used in optical sensors, label tracking, decontamination of surfaces and water ,drug detection ,DNA sequencing, Medical imaging of cells etc

X-Rays
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) 3.4x1016 - 5x1019 6x10-12 - 8x10-9 20 - 3x10 4

X-rays are classified as

Soft X-rays with wavelength 10 to 0.10 nm Hard X-rays with wavelength 0.10 to 0.01 nm

Used in radiography, as well as for high-energy physics and astronomy.

Gamma Rays
Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Energy (eV) > 5x1019 < 6x10-12 > 3x104

X-rays are classified as

Soft X-rays with wavelength 10 to 0.10 nm Hard X-rays with wavelength 0.10 to 0.01 nm

Used in radiography, as well as for high-energy physics and astronomy.

Microwave Frequency Bands

Band Name L S C X Ku K Ka Frequency 1 to 2 GHz 2 to 4 GHz 4 to 8 GHz 8 to 12 GHz 12 to 18 GHz 18 to 26.5 GHz 26.5 to 40 GHz Application Satellite modems and television receivers, GSM mobile phones, satellite phones communications satellites, WiMAX, Bluetooth, optical communication satellite communications, Wi-Fi devices, cordless telephones, weather radar systems terrestrial broadband, deep space telecommunications, communications satellites used for satellite communications, fixed and broadcast service. radar and satellite communications is used in communications satellites, uplink

Microwave Frequency Bands

Band Name Q U V E W F D Frequency 33 to 50 GHz 40 to 60 GHz 50 to 75 GHz 60 to 90 GHz 75 to 110 GHz 90 to 140 GHz 110 to 170 GHz Application satellite communications, terrestrial microwave communications satellite communications, terrestrial microwave communications not widely used except for wave radar and other types of research used for short range, high bandwidth communications satellite communications is the range of radio frequencies from 90 GHz to 140 GHz is the range of radio frequencies from 110 GHz to 170 GHz

Radio Frequency Bands

Band Name Extremely high frequency Super high frequency Frequency 30 300 GHz 3 30 GHz Application Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur radio Microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, most modern radars, communications satellites, amateur radio Television broadcasts, radio astronomy, mobile phones, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, GPS Land Mobile, amateur radio FM, television broadcasts and line-of-sight groundto-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communications. Land Mobile and Maritime Mobile communications, amateur radio, weather radio

Ultra high frequency

300 3000 MHz

Very high frequency

30 300 MHz

Radio Frequency Bands

Band Name Frequency Application Shortwave broadcasts, citizens' band radio, amateur radio and over-the-horizon aviation communications, RFID, Over-the-horizon radar, Marine and mobile radio telephony AM (medium-wave) broadcasts, amateur radio, avalanche beacons AM longwave broadcasting (Europe and parts of Asia), RFID, amateur radio Submarine communication Communication within mines Communication with submarines Communication with submarines High frequency 3 30 MHz

Medium frequency Low frequency Very low frequency Ultra low frequency Super low frequency Extremely low frequency

300 3000 kHz 30 300 kHz 3 30 kHz 300 3000 Hz 30 300 Hz 3 30 Hz

References
 www.wikipedia.com  http://www.creatingtechnology.org/charts/spectrum.pdf  http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/ems.html  http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html  http://www.telecomcircle.com/2009/12/spectrum-refarming/  http://www.geo.mtu.edu/rs/back/spectrum/  http://www.spacetoday.org/DeepSpace/Telescopes/GreatObservatories/Chan dra/ElectromagneticSpectrum.html