2 - Friede

Oct.
21, 2004
Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology
Power Generation
Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
Agenda
Market Drivers Market Drivers Reference Power Plant Product Overview Reference Power Plant Product Overview Steam Power Plant -- Steam Power Plant Combined Cycle Power Plant -- Combined Cycle Power Plant Reference Power Plant Design Philosophy Reference Power Plant Design Philosophy Design Targets Design Targets References References
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
The Market Conditions Have Changed Dramatically in the Power Industry Over the Last 10 Years
Market Conditions
Efficiency Risk Guarantee*
Overall Construction Time Price
Years
* technical warranties (NOx, et. al.), delivery time
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis
Parameters
Investment costs Financing costs Service life Demolition costs Fuel contract conditions Efficiency Personnel costs Consumables/waste Spare parts Maintenance
Costs
Parameters influenced by the supplier

Reduction of specific investment costs Global sourcing
Capital costs
Fuel Costs
Live Cycle Costs
Modular design Short delivery times High process and component efficiencies Optimized level of automation High availability Ease of maintenance
Operating costs
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Reference Power Plant Product Overview

Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Our Reference Power Plants are Focused on International Main Market Demand for IPPs Varioplant 300 300- 450 MW 700 500- 750 MW 900 800- 1000 MW Coal/Oil
Customized... Customized...
of the shelf... of the shelf...
Components, Islands Components, Islands and Turnkey and Turnkey Gas/Oil

50 Hz 60 Hz
Oct. 21, 2004
Gas/Oil
Multi-Shaft 60 Hz 50 Hz
-Shaft
100, 290, 400 MW 100, 270, 365 MW
200, 580, 80 200, 540, 730 MW

Power Generation 6
Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Econopac Arrangement
ECONOPAC
Gas turbine Gas turbine generator Air intake Exhaust gas system Fuel system Electrical package (SFC/SEE) GT - Auxiliaries Fire protection Options
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Power Island Arrangement
POWER ISLAND
Econopac Steam turbine Steam turbine generator incl. SEE Heat recovery steam generator Major pumps Condenser Critical valves ST - Auxiliaries Cycle optimization Fuel gas pre-heater Options
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation
Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Turnkey (Cooling Tower)
TURNKEY
Power Island Fuel supply systems Cooling systems Water treatment Raw water system Waste water system Tanks Cranes/ hoists Buildings/ structures Fire protection Plant piping/ valves Plant electrical Further options
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 10
Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Turnkey with House (Cooling Tower)
TURNKEY
Power Island Fuel supply systems Cooling systems Water treatment Raw water system Waste water system Tanks Cranes/ hoists Buildings/ structures Fire protection Plant piping/ valves Plant electrical Further options
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 11
Evolution of Combined Cycle Power Plant Efficiency
Steam cycle Single pressure

60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 960C 50 bar 460C 1983/84 1000C 60 bar 485C 1050C 75 bar 510C Net efficiency (%) 1120C 80 bar 520C
Dual pressure
1160C 100 bar 520C
Tripple pressure with reheat

Turbine inlet temp. (ISO) Fuel preheating Life steam pressure Life steam temperature
1190C 200C 110 bar 540C
1230C 130C 110 bar 550C
1250C 1230C 200C 130C 160 bar 125 bar 580C 565C
Fuel gas firing ISO ambient conditions (15C, 1013 mbar, 60% rel. humidity) Condenser back pressure 0.04 bar 1990/91 1992/93 1994/95 1996/97 1998/99 2001 2005/06 Year of commissioning
1987/88
Source: Siemens Gas Turbines
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 12
Economical Evaluation Factors

Evaluation Factors (price related)
(at 1 %targeted Internal Rate of Return for additional investm 2 ent)
Power Output
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0.55 mill / MW 06 mill / MW 7.1 mill / / %-point 98 mill %-point

0 4 6 8 10 12
Efficiency Lead Time

0 0.5 1 1,5 2
2.5 mill / / month 09 mill month 2.7 mill / / %-point 26 mill %-point
0 1 2 3 4
Availability
Boundary Conditions
Power Output Efficiency Load Regime Electricity Price Fuel Price
Oct. 21, 2004
397 MW 57.00 % Base Load (7000hr/a) 37 / MWh (escalation 1% /a) 3.9 / GJ (escalation 1% /a)
Lead Time Overall Project Costs Debt/ equity ratio Income Tax Operating Period
24 22 months 185 mill 70 / 30 35 % 20 years

Power Generation 13
Power Output, Efficiency, NOx-Emission and Cooling Air Demand versus Combustion Temperature
Boundary conditions: Boundary conditions: The same technology for The same technology for blade cooling, combustion blade cooling, combustion chamber cooling and chamber cooling and burner. burner.
Gas turbine
Tcom. b Fuel 2% Combustion air 80% Air intake 100% Cooling air 20% Combustion chamber
Exhaust gas 102%
. mKL
NOX
Heat recovery steam generator
NOX
Electricity Generator TCool.-air
Steam turbine
Electricity
GD U
Circulating water Condenser Generator
TIT
1570C 1700C TCmustion ob
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 14
Efficiency Improvements due to Increasing the Number of Pressure Stages
Temperature curves in a heat recovery steam generator

net [%-points] 3
Efficiency increase
Temperature [C] 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Transfered heat
1-pressure process 2-pressure process 3-pressure process
125 bar/565 C 28 bar/565 C 4 bar/235 C 125 bar/565 C 29 bar/320 C 5 bar/200 C
Exhaust gas 2
80 bar/540 C 5 bar/210 C
2.8 1
65 bar/540 C
2.1 1.6 54.1% 1-pressure 2-pressure 3-pressure without reheat 3-pressure with reheat
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 15
Quick Start up Increases Plant Utilisation Factor...

GT at full load/ Bypass System closed
Start-up after 8h Shut-down

400 350
Plant Load [MW]
Plant start-up with Plant start-up with improved equipment improved equipment
Typical plant start-up Typical plant start-up
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
40 min
90 min
Time
Power Generation 16
Oct. 21, 2004
Limiting Values for Flue Gas Emissions
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 17
Relationship between turbine inlet temperature and NOx emissions
2,5
2,0
1,5 NOx* 1,0 0,5 0,0 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 Temperatur in C
A temperature increase by 70K doubles the NOx- emissions !

Power Generation 18
Oct. 21, 2004
Design Targets
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 19
One the way to the Technical leadership
now Efficiency TIT** NOx 58%* 1230C 25 ppm
tomorrow > 59% 1290C 9 15 ppm
* depending on cooling conditions ** turbine inlet temperature Details on additional measures will be presented at a VDI Symposium in Leverkusen 23./24. November 2004
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 20
References
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 21
Mainz-Wiesbaden, Germany Combined Cycle Power Plant V94.3A with Steam Extraction
Mainz - -Wiesbaden (Germany) Mainz Wiesbaden (Germany) Concept: Multi Shaft 1+1 V94.3A Concept: Multi Shaft 1+1 V94.3A Output (nat. gas, site) : : 11xx400 MW Output (nat. gas, site) 400 MW Efficiency (nat. gas, site): : >58,4 %* Efficiency (nat. gas, site) >58,4 %* COD: July 2001 COD: July 2001 Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up) Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up) Contract: EPC TK plus 10 y. S&M Contract: EPC TK plus 10 y. S&M
Oct. 21, 2004
Power Generation 22
Pulau Seraya, Singapore: 2 CC 1S.V94.3A The Most Efficient Plant in SEA
Oct. 21, 2004
Pulau Seraya (Singapore) Pulau Seraya (Singapore) Concept: Single Shaft 1S.V94.3A Concept: Single Shaft 1S.V94.3A Output (nat. gas, site) : : 2x 367 MW Output (nat. gas, site) 2x 367 MW Efficiency (nat. gas, site): : >57.2 % Efficiency (nat. gas, site) >57.2 % COD: November 2002 COD: November 2002 Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up) Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up) Contract: EPC TK plus 10 y. S&M Contract: EPC TK plus 10 y. S&M
Power Generation 23

2 - Friede

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2 - Friede

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Oct.

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Efficiency Risk Guarantee*

Overall Construction Time Price

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis

Parameters influenced by the supplier

Live Cycle Costs

Oct. 21, 2004

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Reference Power Plant Product Overview

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

of the shelf... of the shelf...

Components, Islands Components, Islands and Turnkey and Turnkey Gas/Oil

100, 290, 400 MW 100, 270, 365 MW

200, 580, 80 200, 540, 730 MW

Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Econopac Arrangement

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Power Island Arrangement

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Oct. 21, 2004

Authors: Schtz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG

Multi-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Plant Turnkey (Cooling Tower)

Evolution of Combined Cycle Power Plant Efficiency

Steam cycle Single pressure

Tripple pressure with reheat

1190C 200C 110 bar 540C

1230C 130C 110 bar 550C

Source: Siemens Gas Turbines

Oct. 21, 2004

Economical Evaluation Factors

(at 1 %targeted Internal Rate of Return for additional investm 2 ent)

0.55 mill / MW 06 mill / MW 7.1 mill / / %-point 98 mill %-point

Efficiency Lead Time

24 22 months 185 mill 70 / 30 35 % 20 years

Exhaust gas 102%

Heat recovery steam generator

Circulating water Condenser Generator

Oct. 21, 2004

Efficiency Improvements due to Increasing the Number of Pressure Stages

Temperature curves in a heat recovery steam generator

1-pressure process 2-pressure process 3-pressure process

125 bar/565 C 28 bar/565 C 4 bar/235 C 125 bar/565 C 29 bar/320 C 5 bar/200 C

Oct. 21, 2004

Quick Start up Increases Plant Utilisation Factor...

Start-up after 8h Shut-down

Plant Load [MW]

Typical plant start-up Typical plant start-up

300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Oct. 21, 2004

Limiting Values for Flue Gas Emissions

Oct. 21, 2004

Relationship between turbine inlet temperature and NOx emissions

A temperature increase by 70K doubles the NOx- emissions !

Oct. 21, 2004

Oct. 21, 2004

One the way to the Technical leadership

now Efficiency TIT** NOx 58%* 1230C 25 ppm

tomorrow > 59% 1290C 9 15 ppm

Oct. 21, 2004

Pulau Seraya, Singapore: 2 CC 1S.V94.3A The Most Efficient Plant in SEA