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CONVENTIONAL AND NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

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GROUP MEMBERS
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Names Mushtaq ul Ashraf Ankit Singh Rashmeet Saluja Ravi Ranjan Jyoti Ker Vishal Lalzare Mariam Kazi Shraddha Kamat Suparna Samanta

Roll number 1003 1006 1010 1007 1021 1035 1054 1053 1100
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ROADMAP
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Introduction to Indian energy sector

Conventional Energy Sources Non - Conventional Energy Sources

Challenges for India in power sector Government initiative Recommendations Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
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Fast GDP growth rate - Increasing energy demand Largest producers and consumers of energy in the world Allocation for power sector from Rs.2,230 crore in 2009-10 to Rs.5,130 crore in 2010-11.

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ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN POWER SECTOR 2030

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Source: presidentofindia office

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LATEST NEWS IN POWER SECTOR

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Tariff based competitive bidding in power sector



Article: NDTV profit: January 5, 2011 (Mumbai)

Govt extends tax holiday for power sector



Press trust of India, February 28, 2011 (New Delhi)

Source: NDTV Profit

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CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
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Energy generated from natural resources

Oil and Natural Gas

Coal

Wood

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OIL AND NATURAL GAS

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6th largest consumer of petroleum Around 70% of the demands imports of oil and natural gas World's refiner

Cost effective refining in India Attracting International players India is one of the most important markets for petroleum products and crude oil. Crude oil from Middle East - transported to India by means of the sea routes

Source: jagranjosh

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ONGC
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Exploration and production of oil & natural gas Fully integrated petroleum company in India Subsidiary - ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL)

Source: India Energy Handbook

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OIL & GAS SECTOR ENTITIES

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Integrated oil companies

Refineries

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL) Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) Essar Oil Ltd. (EOL)

Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (CPCL) Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (BRPL) Numaligarh Refinery Ltd. (NRL) Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (MRPL)

E&P companies

Oil India Ltd. (OIL) Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (GSPC) Cairn India Ltd

Marketing Companies

Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) Indraprastha Gas Ltd. (IGL) Mahanagar Gas Ltd. (MGL)
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Source: India Energy Handbook

OIL IN INDIA
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LATEST NEWS IN OIL AND NATURAL GAS SECTOR

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Oil dips as Libya declares cease-fire



Associated Press, March 18, 2011 (New York)

Oil prices climb above $105



Associated Press, March 23, 2011 (New York)

Source: NDTV Profit

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WOOD ENERGY
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Rural dependence on biomass fuels Supply Sources

Non-forest areas. Traded Versus Non-traded Supply

Consumption

Prospects for Fuelwood-gathering. Fuelwood in Agroforestry. Use in Industries and Enterprises.

Source fao magazine

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FEW INTERESTING STATISTICAL DATA

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Source fao magazine

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Source fao magazine

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Share of wood energy in total energy consumption

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Source fao magazine

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COAL ENERGY
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Depend largely upon coal 50% of Indias commercial energy consumption 78% of the domestic coal production is dedicated to power generation Dominate Indias energy basket in terms of price and supply disruptions

Source: Business Week

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COAL DEPOSITS IN INDIA

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COAL
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India at least has some of its own coal, but even that they need to import.

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COAL-FIRED UNITS IN INDIA

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Source: Business Week

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OP JINDAL COAL PLANT. Already the largest coal-fired IPP in India (1000 MW), a brownfield expansion consisting of 4 x 600-MW units supplied by BHEL is underway. The site is also home to the largest private coal mine, coal washery, and covered coal conveyor belt in India
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source: Business Week

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Workers use heavy machinery to sift through coal at the Adani Power company thermal power plant at Mundra some 400 kms from Ahmedabad on February 18, 2011. This is India's first supercritical 660 MW unit
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source: Business Week

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COMPANIES USING COAL IN INDIA

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Bharat Coking Coal Central Coalfields Limited Coal India Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Northern Coalfields Limited Reliance Natural Resources Limited Singareni Collieries Company
Source: Business Week 8/10/2011

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NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY

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NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
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Non-Conventional energy sources also called Renewable energy, are sources that are continuously replenished by natural processes Various forms of renewable energy

Solar energy Wind energy Bio energy Hydro energy Geothermal energy Wave and tidal energy

India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources

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NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
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Natural resources - wood, coal, natural gas, hydro, wind, solar etc In the 2010 Budget,

allocated USD 0.22 billion (INR 1,000 crore) Additionally, USD 0.1 billion (INR 500 crore) - allotted towards solar and small hydro power units

Special efforts to revive coal power projects

Over-exploitation of natural resources Lowest per capita energy consumption in India

India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources 8/10/2011

BIOGAS ENERGY
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80% GHG emissions - production, use of energy, burning of fossil fuels. Biomass - 12% of total energy requirement Plan outlay for the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy increased by 61% from Rs.620 crore in 2009-10 to Rs.1,000 crore in 2010-11

Sources: FAO magazine

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FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR BIOGAS IN INDIA

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Biogas production - dominant in India at household and community levels (especially in rural areas) Biogas for electricity generation in India Biogas in the Indian industry Feb 2010, the Haryana Government has formulated a Rs. 85 crore project for setting up 50,000 family-size biogas plants

Sources: FAO magazine

RESEARCH ON BIOGAS IN INDIA

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State-wise potential & achievements for family-type biogas plants upto 2009 under National Biogas & Manure Management Programme (NBMMP)
State/Union Territories Estimated potential (nos. of biogas plants) 1,23,39,300 Cumulative achievements as on 31/12/2009 41,85,442

Total

Significant % of the 4.2 million biogas plants are not functional, only 77% of total installed plants were fully functional. Technology needs to be developed - use of biomass as a source of energy
Sources: FAO magazine 8/10/2011

WIND ENERGY
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Average growth rate - 30% Fastest growing source 5th place in the world Installed of more than 9756 MW as of January 31, 2009

Producing 20 KW of energy 20 years ago now producing 2.5 MW

Sources: TERI(2008-09) and The Times of India 8/10/2011

STATES OF WIND RESOURCES

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10 out of 29 states
Kerala Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Gujarat Haryana

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COMPANY INTO WIND ENERGY

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Suzlon GE wind energy M/S pioneer asia wind turbines Emercon (India) Pvt Ltd. Elecon Engineering Co. Ltd. Neg - Micon India

Sources: TERI(2008-09) and The Times of India

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HYDRO POWER
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Electricity Production by flow of

Freshwater from lakes, rivers & streams

1st hydropower station Darjeeling 1887 5th in terms of Hydropower potential Hydro has a potential of 150,000 MW 12th Five Year Plan - identified benefits of 38,242 MW

Source: Hydrovision India 2011 magazine and ECOWORLD (Nature and Technology in Harmony) Magazine

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Cont..
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11th 11th Five Year Plan-2007-2012 hydro capacity addition of Plan-200716, 16,553 MW

Central Sector will add 9,685 MW, State Sector 3,605 MW Private Sector 3,263 MW. MW.

In the 2005, National Electricity Policy the objectives:

Provision for access to electricity for all households; By 2012, with no energy and peaking shortages and adequate reserves to be made available and reliable, and quality power supplies at reasonable rates

Source: Hydrovision India 2011 magazine and ECOWORLD (Nature and Technology in Harmony) Magazine

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HYDRO POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

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Largest Plants:
1.

Koyna I-IV, MH Sharavathi, Karnataka Kalinadi Nagjhari, Kalinadi Karnataka Nagarjuna Sagar, Andhra Pradesh Dehar, Beas; Satluj Rajasthan

2.

3.

4.

5.

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OPTIONS FOR HYDROPOWER

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Government role. Participation by private sector. Role of International Agencies.

Source: ECOWORLD (Nature and Technology in Harmony) Magazine

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NUCLEAR POWER
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Nuclear power plant capacity is 4,560 MW Growth of Nuclear Power & Imports

Produce 32,000 million units through nuclear power plants in 2011-2012 Received 868 tonnes of uranium from France, Russia and Kazakhstan till Aug 2010. Expected to increase the production of uranium from 400 tonnes to 1,000 tonnes a year by 2013

Source: Financial Express, Aug 2010 and Business Line. Oct 20, 2010

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ATOMIC POWER STATION IN INDIA

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Atomic Power stations Tarapur Rajasthan

Units 4 6

nuclear power generated 2 with 160 MW capacities each 2 with 540 MW each 1 unit generates 100 MW, 1 unit generates 200 MW 4 units generate 220 MW each 220 MW each 220 MW each 220 MW each 220 MW each

Madras Kaiga Narora Kakrapar

2 3 2 2

8/10/2011 Source: Financial Express, Aug 2010 and Business Line. Oct 20, 2010

NUCLEAR TIE-UPs
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NUCLEAR TIE-UPS IN INDIA

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL)

NUCLEAR TIE-UPS OUTSIDE

India & France - signed two agreements on 6 Dec 2010

Primary considerations: foreign technology & domestic manufacturing Low cost negotiations with foreign equipment suppliers Tie-up with IOC & National Aluminium Company (Nalco)

Material Supply Peaceful use of nuclear energy

NPCIL

220 Mwe & 540 MWe reactors to some countries of the AsiaPacific region Holding talks with Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam about the sale of the reactors

joint ventures - the Indian Railways & Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL)

Source: Business Line. Oct 12, 2010; pg 4, Economic Times. Nov 30, 2010;

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FUTURE NUCLEAR POWER PROJECTS

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NPCIL - to set up two nuclear power plants of 700MW State's daily power supply averages around 903 lakh units against 578 lakh units in 2004-2005 Ministry of Environment has approved the 10,000 MW nuclear plant at Jaitapur, Maharashtra Project will add to the nuclear strength of India Indias current installed atomic power capacity - 4,780 MW

Source:Financial Express. Mar 05, 2011; pg 3, Business India. Dec 26, 2010;

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ENERGY CHALLENGES FOR INDIA

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Low per capita energy consumption just over 600 units a year High Energy intensity India is still a net importer of energy Energy security Distribution of energy resources is highly skewed and concentrated in few states rising energy demand

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SOLAR ENERGY
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Geographical location of India - over 4500 trillion kWh of pure solar energy each year Daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 15002000 sunshine hours per year (depending upon location)

Source: Solar Society of India

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NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION

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30-year plan - outlay of Rs.91,684 crore The outlay will be with

Rs.10,130 crore in the current 5 Year Plan (ending 2012) Rs.22,515 crore - 2012-2017 second phase, Rs.11,921 crore - 2017-2020 third phase

National Solar Mission will

Add 20,000 MW of generation capacity by 2020 and Make it as cheap as electricity from conventional sources

Sources: India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy

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NATIONAL SOLAR POWER

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Organization for solar development

Jawaharlal Nehru national solar mission (JNNSM) Solar Energy Society of India (SESI) Solar Energy Centre (SEC) Tata BP Solar

Highlights of solar power in India

Solar energy to power city by 2012 (Mar 13, 2011) Reliance Power signs agreement with NTPC (10 Jan 2011) India gets first green railway station ( Jan 27 , 2011) PCMC school runs comps on solar power (Feb 1, 2011) Sun shines on animal enclosures at city zoo

Sources: India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy

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MINISTRY OF NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES, INDIA

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MNES is the nodal agency of the Government of India - 1992 Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA)
* All figures in Crores

8/10/2011 Sources: India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy

ESTIMATES OF POTENTIAL CAPACITIES FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (in MWs)

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Source Approx. Biomass energy Solar energy Wind energy Small hydropower Ocean energy

Potential 19,500 20,000 47,000 15,000 50,000

India Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources

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RECOMMENDATION
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India should focus on holistic energy policies diversification of fuel mix clean technologies R&D Energy efficiency Creating awareness and strengthening governance for Sustainable Development at the local and national levels.
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RECOMMENDATION
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Opt for vehicles powered by biofuels, renewables, and electricity and other clean fuels road to rail as transporting - huge potentials for saving Restructuring of the energy High level of energy intensity Saving potential - 25,000 MW annually by adopting energy conservation measures
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CONCLUSION
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Global warming Infrastructural changes in the energy sector - renewable energy development trajectory R & D - non-conventional energy sources

Mitigate greenhouse effect lessen dependence on oil/gas import, which consumes major chunk of foreign exchange reserve.

Understand its necessity and importance - Power of renewable energy sources

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THANK YOU!!!

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