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CHAPTER 1
ACCOUNTING IN ACTION
Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition
Chapter 1-2
Explain what accounting is. Identify the users and uses of accounting. Understand why ethics is a fundamental business concept. Explain generally accepted accounting principles and the cost principle. Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption. State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity. Analyze the effects of business transactions on the accounting equation. Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Chapter 1-3
Financial Statements Statements Income statement Owners equity statement Balance sheet Statement of cash flows
Chapter 1-4
economic events of an
Chapter 1-5
There are two broad groups of users of financial information: internal users and external users.
Customers SEC
Marketing
Chapter 1-7
Discussion Question
Q1. Accounting is ingrained in our society and it is vital to our economic system. Do you agree? Explain.
Ethics Ethics
Review Question
Ethics are the standards of conduct by which one's actions are judged as: a. right or wrong. b. honest or dishonest. c. fair or not fair. d. all of these options.
Chapter 1-11
Ethics Ethics
Review Question
Ethics are the standards of conduct by which one's actions are judged as: a. right or wrong. b. honest or dishonest. c. fair or not fair. d. all of these options.
Chapter 1-12
The accounting profession has attempted to develop a set of standards that are generally accepted and universally practiced.
Chapter 1-13
Chapter 1-15
Assumptions Assumptions
Monetary Unit Assumption include in the
accounting records only transaction data that can be expressed in terms of money.
activities of the entity be kept separate and distinct from the activities of its owner and all other economic entities. Proprietorship. Partnership. Corporation.
Chapter 1-16
Partnership
Owned by two or more persons. Often retail and service-type businesses Generally unlimited personal liability Partnership agreement
Corporation
Ownership divided into shares of stock Separate legal entity organized under state corporation law Limited liability
Chapter 1-17
LO 5 Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
Assumptions Assumptions
Review Question
Combining the activities of Kellogg and General Mills would violate the a. cost principle. b. economic entity assumption. c. monetary unit assumption. d. ethics principle.
Chapter 1-18
LO 5 Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
Assumptions Assumptions
Review Question
Combining the activities of Kellogg and General Mills would violate the a. cost principle. b. economic entity assumption. c. monetary unit assumption. d. ethics principle.
Chapter 1-19
LO 5 Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
Review Question
A business organized as a separate legal entity under state law having ownership divided into shares of stock is a a. proprietorship. b. partnership. c. corporation. d. sole proprietorship.
Chapter 1-20
LO 5 Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
Review Question
A business organized as a separate legal entity under state law having ownership divided into shares of stock is a a. proprietorship. b. partnership. c. corporation. d. sole proprietorship.
Chapter 1-21
LO 5 Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
Provides the underlying framework for recording and summarizing economic events. Assets are claimed by either creditors or owners. Claims of creditors must be paid before ownership claims.
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Chapter 1-22
Provides the underlying framework for recording and summarizing economic events. Assets Resources a business owns. Provide future services or benefits. Cash, Supplies, Equipment, etc.
Chapter 1-23
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Provides the underlying framework for recording and summarizing economic events. Liabilities Claims against assets (debts and obligations). Creditors - party to whom money is owed. Accounts payable, Notes payable, etc.
Chapter 1-24
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Provides the underlying framework for recording and summarizing economic events. Owners Equity Ownership claim on total assets. Referred to as residual equity. Capital, Drawings, etc. (Proprietorship or Partnership).
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Chapter 1-25
Revenues result from business activities entered into for the purpose of earning income. Common sources of revenue are: sales, fees, services, commissions, interest, dividends, royalties, and rent.
Chapter 1-26
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Expenses are the cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue. Common expenses are: salaries expense, rent expense, utilities expense, tax expense, etc.
Chapter 1-27
LO 6 State the accounting equation, and define assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Using The Basic Accounting Equation Using The Basic Accounting Equation
Transactions are a businesss economic events
recorded by accountants.
May be external or internal. Not all activities represent transactions. Each transaction has a dual effect on the accounting equation.
Chapter 1-28
Is the financial position (assets, liabilities, or owners equity) of the company changed?
Transactions Transactions
Discussion Question
Q18. In February 2008, Paula King invested an additional $10,000 in her business, Kings Pharmacy, which is organized as a proprietorship. Kings accountant, Lance Jones, recorded this receipt as an increase in cash and revenues. Is this treatment appropriate? Why or why not?
See notes page for discussion
Chapter 1-30
Chapter 1-31
Chapter 1-32
Chapter 1-33
Chapter 1-34
Chapter 1-35
Chapter 1-36
Chapter 1-37
Chapter 1-38
Liabilities
Equity
Accounts Accounts Barone, + Receivable + Equipment = Payable + Capital +10,000 +5,000 -400 +5,100 -1,000 -2,000 +250 +750 -250 +750 12,200 Expense Revenue Drawings Expense Expense Revenue Investment
+120 6,820 +
-120 630 +
5,000 =
250 +
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Chapter 1-40
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Review Question
Net income will result during a time period when: a. assets exceed liabilities. b. assets exceed revenues. c. expenses exceed revenues. d. revenues exceed expenses.
Chapter 1-41
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Re venue s: Service revenue $ 5 ,8 5 0 E xpe nse s: Salary expense 2 ,0 0 0 Rent expense 400 Advertising expense 2 5 0 Total expenses 2 ,6 5 0 Net incom e $ 3 ,2 0 0
Reports the revenues and expenses for a specific period of time. Net income revenues exceed expenses. Net loss expenses exceed revenues.
Chapter 1-42
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
B a ro n e 's, C a p it a l M a y 1$ A d d : I n ve stm en t N e t in c o m e
Salary expense 2 ,0 0 0 Rent expense 4 00 Advertising expense 2 50 Total expenses 2 ,6 5 0 Net incom e $ 3,2 00
1 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
B a ro n e 's, C a p it a l M a y 1 $ Ad d : In ve stm en t N e t in c o m e
1 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,2 0 0 Less: D ra w in g s 1 ,0 0 0 B a ro n e 's, C a p it a l M a y 3 1 2 ,2 0 0 $
Chapter 1-44
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
10,000 3,200 13,200 Less: Drawings 1,000 Barone's, Capital May 31 $ 12,200
The ending balance in owners equity is needed in preparing the balance sheet
Chapter 1-45
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Reports the assets, liabilities, and owners equity at a specific date. Assets listed at the top, followed by liabilities and owners equity. Total assets must equal total liabilities and owners equity.
Chapter 1-46
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Ca sh flow from opera ting a ctivities Cash receipts from revenues 5 ,2 2 0 $ Cash paid for expenses (2 ,4 0 0 ) Cash provided by operations 2 ,8 2 0 Ca sh flow from inve sting a ctivitite s Purchase of equipm ent (5 ,0 0 0 ) Ca sh flow from fina ncing a ctivities Investm ent by ow ners 10 ,0 0 0 D raw ings by ow ners (1,0 0 0 ) Cash provided by financing 9 ,0 0 0 Ne t incre a se in ca sh 6 ,8 2 0 Ca sh ba la nce , M a y 1 Ca sh ba la nce , M a y 3 1 $ 6 ,8 2 0
Chapter 1-47
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
from? for?
Chapter 1-48
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Review Question
Which of the following financial statements is prepared as of a specific date? a. Balance sheet. b. Income statement. c. Owner's equity statement. d. Statement of cash flows.
Chapter 1-49
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
Discussion Question
Q19. A companys net income appears directly on the income statement and the owners equity statement, and it is included indirectly in the companys balance sheet. Do you agree? Explain.
LO 8 Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared.
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Chapter 1-52