Embedded Systems

In the name of God Scientific Group of CSE Presents :
Embedded Systems
Microcontrollers & Embedded Processors
An Overview
By: Ramtin Raji Kermani Junior student of Computer Hardware Eng. Spring 2005
May 16, 2005 Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
Embedded Systems

What is an Embedded System? Where are Embedded Systems used? Typical Embedded Systems Hardware Embedded OS and Software Microcontrollers The 8051 Microcontroller A simple project using AT89C51 References
Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
May 16, 2005
What is and Embedded System?

A specialized computer system that is part of a larger system or machine. Typically, an embedded system is housed on a single microprocessor board with the programs stored in ROM. Virtually all appliances that have a digital interface -- watches, microwaves, VCRs, cars -- utilize embedded systems. Some embedded systems include an operating system, but many are so specialized that the entire logic can be implemented as a single program. (Definition from wikipedia.com)
May 16, 2005 Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University
What is and Embedded System?
May 16, 2005
ES, Other definitions

A special purpose computer built into a larger device. Special purpose:

- Embedded systems have a (more or less) well-defined purpose - Contrast with: general purpose computers (PCs etc) - Both hardware and software is tailored to application(s), which are well defined - However, re-programmability is a requirement ESs are (usually) part of a larger device, augmenting its capabilities
Built into a larger device:

May 16, 2005
ES, Other definitions

Any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general-purpose computer. Anything that uses a computer but does not look like one. The microprocessor in an embedded system is like an electric motor in a washing machine.
May 16, 2005
ES Types & Characteristics

Types of Processing unit:

Hardwired logic Programmable units
ES Characteristics:
Efficiently Cost effective Power efficiently Real-time Predictability
May 16, 2005
ES: History and Solutions

A very little history: ;)

The first Embedded System: Apollo Guidance Computer.
Embedded Systems Solutions:

Microcontrollers Embedded Processors Digital Signal processors
May 16, 2005
Where are Embedded Systems used?
May 16, 2005
Where are Embedded Systems used?

Signal processing systems

Real-time video, DVD players, Medical equipment.
Distributed control
Network routers, switches, firewalls, mass transit systems, Elevators
Small systems
Mobile phones, pagers, home appliances, toys, smartcards, MP3 players, PDAs, digital cameras, sensors, pc keyboard & mouse
Modern cars: Up to 100 or more processors

Engine control unit ABS systems (Anti Lock Brake systems) Emissions control Diagnostics and Security systems Accessories (doors, windows etc)
May 16, 2005
Typical Embedded Systems Hardware

Commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS)

e.g. wireless radios, sensors, I/O devices Cheap
Application-Specific ICs (ASICs)

ICs tailored to meet application needs Good performance for their intended task(s) Original ESs were ASICs only
Domain-specific processors
DSPs Microcontrollers
Microprocessors
General Purpose Processors
May 16, 2005
New trends in ES HW

Systems-on-chip
Usual (or desired) specs:

32-bit RISC CPU Built-in interfaces to RAM and ROM Built-in DMA, interrupt and timing controllers Built-in interfaces to disk or flash memory Built-in Ethernet/802.11 interfaces Built-in LCD/CRT interfaces
New SOCs appearing almost every week!

Examples
Intel StrongARM SA-1110 Motorola PowerPC MPC823e NEC VR4181 Many, many more
May 16, 2005
Embedded OS and Software

Principal role: Not transformation of data but interaction with physical world Acquires properties of physical world
Takes time Consumes power Does not terminate (unless it fails)
May 16, 2005
Embedded Operating Systems:

Office-style OSes
PalmOS WindowsCE
RTOSes
VxWorks QNX
Linux
Linux is already ubiquitous

Hundreds of different devices are using it http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4936596231.html
Numerous commercial + open source products

Mobile OS
Symbian
Others
TinyOS
May 16, 2005
What is a Microcontroller?

A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured on a single chip. They have a high concentration of on-chip facilities such as serial ports, parallel input/output ports, timers, counters, interrupt control, analog-to-digital converters, random access memory, read only memory, etc.
May 16, 2005
The 8051 Microcontroller:

The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the 1970s.
The 8051 family characteristics:

4K Bytes ROM 128 Bytes RAM two timer/counters (16 bit) A serial port 4 general purpose parallel input/output port Interrupt controller The 8051 can address 64K of external data memory and 64K of External program memory.
May 16, 2005
Microcontroller 8051 internal Architecture
May 16, 2005
8051 pin description
8051 other family members:

8751 (has EPROM) 8951 (has EEPROM)
May 16, 2005
A simple project using AT89C51

Here weve designed, built and programmed a digital BCD counter that counts from 0 to 9 on a 7Segment display. We use register A as Accumulator, in each delayed cycle the accumulator increments by one and result is showed on the 7segment display.
May 16, 2005
A simple project using AT89C51
May 16, 2005
References

Web References:
www.google.com http://www.embedded.com http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system http://www.linuxdevices.com Mani Srivastavas EE202A class

http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee202a/2002f http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/497408.html
Edward Lee, Embedded Software

Books:
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Mazidi, M.A. Microprocessors: Uffenbeck, john . 8051 201
May 16, 2005
At the End

Thanks for your Attention ;)

Ramtin Raji Kermani Spring 2005
May 16, 2005

Embedded Systems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Embedded Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

In the name of God Scientific Group of CSE Presents :

May 16, 2005

What is and Embedded System?

What is and Embedded System?

May 16, 2005

Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University

ES, Other definitions

A special purpose computer built into a larger device. Special purpose:

Built into a larger device:

May 16, 2005

Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University

ES, Other definitions

May 16, 2005

Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Shiraz University

ES Types & Characteristics

Types of Processing unit:

May 16, 2005

ES: History and Solutions

A very little history: ;)