Drivetest

Tools

Mobile TEMS Pocket W600i GPS Compass Inverter input 12V, Output 220 V ac, 400 W TEMS Software 7.1.1 Data Collection TEMS Software 7.1.1 Route Analisys Map Info

Work Process
Collect OMC Parameter
Database RF Network Design
Cell File (TEMS) And Dot Tab Site (mapinfo)

Drive Test Measurements

Site Check

Coverage Dropped Calls Call Setup Success Handover Perf.

Analysis Programs

Verification of RF Network Design

Speech Quality General Check

Test Mobile Measurements Collect RxLev measurements together with GPS co-ordinates Analyse on planning tool Reasons for poor coverage: serving cell not best server handover problems best server signal low check site / network design Analyse in terms of relevant thresholds: indoor level in-car level outdoor level

Test Types Continuous drive test setup a test call and drive over an area for detecting lack of coverage, missing handovers, interferences etc. Spot test detail measurement to be taken at dedicated problem spots for detail analyzing of specific problem

Collect / Analyse Drive Test Measurements

Test measurement (TEMS etc. together with a GPS) Signal Strength Co-channel and adjacent interference Handover relations Test types Continuos drive test (Trace mode) Spot test Network performance test (Statistical mode) Test Measurement Collect MS measurement report data (Downlink only!!)

Analysis Programs
Coverage: Analysis for Fulfilment of Coverage Requirements (Urban, rural ... areas, outdoor, in-car, indoor) Analysis for Dropped Calls due to Interference, SW/HW failures, Transmission Network Failures Analysis for Blocking and Capacity Limitations, Analysis for Resource Allocation Procedures Analysis for Efficient Handover Performance Analysis for Interference

Dropped Call:

Call Setup:

Handover: Speech Quality:

Dropped Call Analysis How to measure drive tests repeated call setups (preferred) continuous calls OMC measurements Reasons for dropped calls lack of coverage interference problems handover problems lack of synchronisation in network problems with other parts of the network

Call Setup Analysis Reasons for failed call setups lack of coverage database problems database inconsistencies parameter settings, e.g. RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, RACHBT, RACH_MAX_RETRANS cell reselection related parameters network congestion

Handover Parameters Fine-tuning of handover parameters Moving cell boundaries in order to Enhance success rate for critical handovers Minimise local interference at the cell edge Traffic load sharing between cells Compared to other opimisation measures improvement potential is limited Affected by Measurement averaging PS! Neighbours should in general Power control parameters
be mutual

Speech Quality Analysis

Parameters RxQual Frame Erasure Rate (FER) Speech Quality Index (SQI) Measurements Drive test preferably continuous call OMC statistics Cause for poor quality low signal strength (coverage related interference low signal strength and interference Causes of interference co-channel interference adjacent channel interference intermodulation mainly on one link only multipath interference

Location Area Codes Purpose identify location area in incoming call is paged to all BTSs within LA Large location area advantage: less location updates (reduced SDCCH load) disadvantage: more paging traffic Boundaries should not cross high traffic areas Cell reselection across LA boundaries Parameter Cell_Reselect_Hysteresis (typ. 4 dB) used to avoid unnecessary signalling due to ping-pong cell reselections

ob em Sym toms
No service
i call drop rate No cove age RF Netwo k No System Ava ab ty No cove age Netwo k E ement Fa u es Inte fe ence T ansm ss on Netwo k Fa u es andove fa u e F xed Netwo k BSS, SSS Netwo k E ement Fa u e Low call se up success rate T ansm ss on Fa u es RF Netwo k Othe netwo ks No cove age ob e te m na Inte fe ence B ock ng Poor speec ualit F xed Netwo k BSS, SSS RF Netwo k B ock ng No cove age Ove oad Inte fe ence Othe oo handove e fo mance

F xed Netwo k BSS, SSS Netwo k e ement fa u e T ansm ss on netwo k fa u e Othe netwo ks ob e hone

Reporting (example)

Advantages over test drives

Less labor intensive and time consuming More comprehensive, based on large number of users not limited to time of test drive Uplink and Downlink analysis possible Subscriber behavior mix of outdoor, indoor, incar use

FINE TUNING

Tools Digital Tilt Meter GPS Compass Spanner Screw Driver Set Safety Belt Adjustable Wrench Cutting Pliers Mesuring Tape Safety Shoe Map Info Map Source Google Earth

Antenna Configuration General points to check antenna type, e.g. omni directional 60, 90 or 120 degrees electrical downtilt cross-polarised antenna azimuth angle (for directional antennae) coverage targets antenna tilt angle electrical + mechanical diversity & isolation e.g. space diversity, polarisation diversity

Site Check
Verify that site is implemented according to plan Check installation e.g. antenna spacing (diversity, isolation) antennae in one sector are installed in the same plane antennae alignment omni antenna installation cable installation

Omni Tx

k2

Rx

Rx Rx

Tx

k
Tx

T d

a=

5 a

Vertical spacing

Horisontal spacing

ntennas mounted in different planes

lignment of antennas

k2

Rxd

Antenna Fine Tuning

Horizontal Plane: Possible coverage weakness between sectors Interference reduction Traffic load distribution Vertical Plane: Interference reduction Possible coverage weakness in the short to medium distance range Traffic load distribution

Omni vs. Sectorised

OMNI cells - more difficult to optimise Electrical downtilt possible, however same for entire cell Parameters same for entire cell Directional antennae narrower beam easier to control interference tilting less efficient with wider beams

Sectorised cell site with different downtilt angles

Tilting Antenna downtilt often used to minimise interference Minimum: Vertical mail lobe pointing at cell edge

BS

Maximum: First null angle pointing at cell edge

Tilting

Electrical vs. Mechanical downtilt

0 Electrical Mechanical 0

Advantages: Better back lobe characteristics Better lower side lobe characteristics Disadvantages: Antennas are more expensive

A combination of mechanical / electrical downtilt may be used

Reporting (example)

thanks