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BREF H8TORCAL BREF H8TORCAL

BACKGROUND OF BACKGROUND OF
AGRARAN REFORM AGRARAN REFORM
Historically, Historically, agrarian agrarian- -related related remedies remedies
extended extended by by past past regimes regimes and and
administrators administrators proved proved to to be be totally totally
unable unable to to fulfill fulfill the the promise promise of of alleviating alleviating
the the quality quality of of life life of of the the landless landless
peasants peasants..
%he %he land land laws laws have have invariably invariably contained contained
provisions provisions that that enabled enabled powerful powerful
landowners landowners to to circumvent circumvent the the law, law, or or
even even use use the the law law to to sustain sustain and and further further
strengthen strengthen their their positions positions in in power power..
Third PhiIippine RepubIic Third PhiIippine RepubIic
a. a. Roxas Roxas Administration (1946 Administration (1946- -1948) 1948)
- - IIn 1946, n 1946, Roxas Roxas proclaimed the Rice proclaimed the Rice
Share %enancy Act of1933 effective Share %enancy Act of1933 effective
throughout the country. throughout the country.
- - R R..AA.. No No.. 34 34 of of 1946 1946,, known known as as
%enant %enant Act, Act, provided provided for for a a 70 70- -30 30
sharing sharing arrangements, arrangements, and and regulated regulated
share share- -tenancy tenancy contracts contracts..
b. b. Quirino Quirino Administration (1948 Administration (1948- -1953) 1953)
- - %here were no agrarian reform laws %here were no agrarian reform laws
passed during the passed during the Quirino Quirino administration. administration.
nstead, the agrarian reform policy of his nstead, the agrarian reform policy of his
predecessor was continued but with little predecessor was continued but with little
success. success.
c. Magsaysay Administration (1953 c. Magsaysay Administration (1953- -
1957) 1957)
- - %his administration signed into law two %his administration signed into law two
land land- -related bills: the Agricultural %enancy related bills: the Agricultural %enancy
Act of 1954 (R.A. No.1199), and Land Act of 1954 (R.A. No.1199), and Land
Reform Act of 1955 (R.A. No. 1400). Reform Act of 1955 (R.A. No. 1400).
- - %he %he Agricultural Agricultural %enancy %enancy Act Act of of 1954 1954
allowed allowed tenants tenants to to shift shift from from share share
tenancy tenancy to to leasehold leasehold..
- - n n leasehold leasehold system, system, a a tenant tenant pays pays for for a a
fixed fixed amount amount to to the the landlord landlord instead instead of of
the the variable variable share share..
- - %he %he Act Act also also prohibited prohibited the the ejection ejection of of
tenants, tenants, unless unless the the Court Court of of Agrarian Agrarian
Relations Relations found found just just cause cause..
d. Garcia Administration (1957 d. Garcia Administration (1957- -1961) 1961)
- - %his %his administration administration did did not not make make any any
law law or or major major pronouncements pronouncements on on
agrarian agrarian reform reform.. No No new new policies policies were were
made made..
e. e. MacapagaI MacapagaI Administration Administration
- - He He signed signed into into law law the the Agricultural Agricultural Land Land
Reform Reform Code Code of of 1963 1963 (R (R..AA.. No No.. 3844 3844) )..
%his %his code code provided provided for for the the purchase purchase of of
private private farmlands farmlands with with the the intention intention of of
distributing distributing them them in in small small lots lots to to the the
landless landless tenants tenants on on easy easy terms terms of of
payment payment..
- - n n comparison comparison with with previous previous agrarian agrarian
legislations, legislations, the the law law lowered lowered the the retention retention
limit limit to to 75 75 hectares, hectares, whether whether owned owned by by
individuals individuals or or corporations corporations..
- - t t prohibited prohibited sharehold sharehold tenancy tenancy and and
established established the the leasehold leasehold system system..
- - t t was was viewed viewed that that a a 75 75- -retention retention limit limit
was was just just too too high high for for the the growing growing
population population density density..
1. Marcos Administration 1. Marcos Administration
1. Pre 1. Pre- -MartiaI Law (First term, 1965 MartiaI Law (First term, 1965- -69) 69)
- - %he %he Agricultural Agricultural Land Land Reform Reform Code Code
continued continued to to be be implemented implemented by by Marcos Marcos..
- - Second Second term term ( (1969 1969- -73 73) )
Congress Congress amended amended the the Agricultural Agricultural
Land Land Reform Reform Code Code (p (p..144 144) )
- - Agrarian Agrarian Reform Reform Special Special Fund Fund Act Act (R (R..AA..
No No.. 6390 6390) ) was was passed passed..
MartiaI MartiaI Law Law ( (1972 1972- -1981 1981) )
- - On On Sept Sept.. 21 21,, 1971 1971,, Marcos Marcos declared declared
Martial Martial Law Law.. Five Five days days later, later, he he issued issued
Presidential Presidential Decree Decree (P (P..D D..) ) No No.. 2 2,,
declaring declaring the the entire entire country country a a land land reform reform
area area..
- - Oct Oct.. 21 21,,1971 1971,, Marcos Marcos again again issued issued PP..D D..
No No.. 27 27 (%enant (%enant Emancipation Emancipation Act) Act).. %his %his
launched launched Operation Operation Land Land %ransfer %ransfer (OL%), (OL%),
transferring transferring tenants' tenants' ownership ownership of of land land
they they tilled tilled to to them, them, and and providing providing the the
instruments instruments and and mechanisms mechanisms needed needed..
Marcos Marcos Administration(%hird Administration(%hird term, term, 1981 1981- -86 86) )
- - Contined Contined PP..D D.. No No.. 2 2 and and PP..D D.. No No.. 27 27//
g. Aquino Administration (1986 g. Aquino Administration (1986- -1992) 1992)
- - Upon Upon assumption assumption into into power, power, Aquino Aquino
declared declared that that "her "her government government will will expand expand
the the land land reform reform program program in in the the country country to to
reflect reflect a a true true liberation liberation of of the the Filipino Filipino
farmer farmer from from the the clutches clutches of of landlordism landlordism
and and transform transform him him into into a a truly truly reliant reliant
citizen, citizen, participating participating in in the the affairs affairs of of the the
nation nation..
- - Aquino described her agrarian reform as Aquino described her agrarian reform as
"the most fundamental and far "the most fundamental and far- -reaching reaching
program of government for it adheres to program of government for it adheres to
the economic well the economic well- -being and dignity of being and dignity of
many Filipinos. many Filipinos.
- - She She made made agrarian agrarian reform reform as as the the
"centerpiece "centerpiece of of her her government government..
- - %he %he primary primary governing governing law law on on agrarian agrarian
reform reform during during the the Aquino Aquino administration administration
was was R R..AA.. No No.. 6657 6657,, known known as as
Comprehensive Comprehensive Agrarian Agrarian Reform Reform Law Law
(CARL) (CARL) of of 1988 1988..
- - %his %his was was signed signed into into law law on on June June 10 10,,
1988 1988,, and and became became effective effective on on June June 15 15,,
1988 1988..
- - %he %he R R..AA.. No No.. 6657 6657 is is intended intended "to "to promote promote
social social justice justice and and industrialization industrialization
providing providing the the mechanism mechanism for for its its
implementation implementation and and for for other other purposes purposes..
The CARP: A Decade After The CARP: A Decade After
{1988 {1988- -1998_ 1998_
DAR : 4.3 million hectares ( DAR : 4.3 million hectares (CARPable CARPable) )
3.8 hectares distributed 3.8 hectares distributed
DENR : 3.8 ( DENR : 3.8 (CARPable CARPable) )
1.9 hectares distributed 1.9 hectares distributed
3.2 million families benefited from CARP 3.2 million families benefited from CARP
1998 1998- -2008 (June 10 2008 (June 10) extension ) extension

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