GREEN CHEMISTRY

Advnced pharmaceutical organic chemistry II

BY

P.VAMSI RAJASEKHAR REDDY M.Pharm, pharmaceutical chemistry Roll no : 17 Malla reddy college of pharmacy.

Most of the environmental problems of past centuries and decades, such as the biological contamination of drinking water, were solved only when the methods of science in generaland chemistry in particularwere applied to them. The phenomenal rise in human life expectancy and in the material quality of life that has come about in recent decades is due in no small measure to chemicals and chemistry.
Colin Baird, Environmental Chemistry

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES
PRINCIPLES HISTORY APPLICATIONS REVOLUTIONARY WORKS IN GREEN

CHEMISTRY REFERENCE

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INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION

Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products .
GREEN CHEMISTRY IS ABOUT Waste Minimization at Source Use of Catalysts in place of Reagents Using Non-Toxic Reagents Use of Renewable Resources Improved Atom Efficiency Use of Solvent Free or Recyclable Environmentally Benign Solvent systems.
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OBJECTIVES
Making chemical products that do not harm either

our health or the environment Using industrial processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous chemicals Designing more efficient processes that minimize the production of waste materials. Preventing pollution before it happens rather than cleaning up the mess later. Saving companies money by using less energy and fewer/safer chemicals, thus reducing the costs of pollution control and waste disposal
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PRINCIPLES
Prevention Atom Economy Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis Designing Safer Chemicals Safer Solvents And Auxiliaries Design For Energy Efficiency

Use Of Renewable Feedstocks

Reduce Derivatives Catalysis

Design For Degradation

Real-time Analysis For Pollution Prevention Inherently Safer Chemistry For Accident Prevention
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PRINCIPLES
1. Prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

2. Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximise the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to people or the environment.

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimising their toxicity.

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents or separation agents) should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used.

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

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Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognised for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimised. If possible, synthetic methods should be vamsi -pharmaceutical chemistry, MRCP 26 November 2012 conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

PRINCIPLES
7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

8 Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/de-protection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimised or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

9 Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

10 Design for Degradation

Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

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PRINCIPLES
11 Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

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GREEN CHEMISTRY IS REDUCING

WASTE MATERIALS HAZARD RISK ENERGY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
COST

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Safer Reactions & Reagents

Catalysis

Solvent
Replacement

Separation Processes

Green Chemistry

Use of Renewable Feedstocks Waste

Energy

Efficiency
Process Intensification
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Minimisation

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APPLICATIONS
Supramolecular chemistry to devolop reactions which can proceed in the solid state without the use of solvent Ex:- The Cycloaddition of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene is directed by Resorcinal in the solid state.this solid-state reaction proceeds in the presence of uv light in 100% yield.

Cycloaddition of trance-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene
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APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS
Safer dry cleaning

Initially gasoline and kerosene were used Perchloroethylene (perc) is the solvent

most widely used in dry cleaning clothing.

Perc is suspected of causing cancer and its disposal can contaminate ground water.

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Chlorinated solvents are now used.

Supercritical/liquid carbon dioxide (CO2)
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APPLICATIONS
LEAD POLLUTION HAS BEEN DECREASED BY
Replacing lead in paint with safe alternatives, and Replacing tetraethyl lead with less toxic additives (e.g., lead-free gasoline).

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APPLICATIONS
TOXIC FIRE FIGHTING FOAMS ARE REPLACED
Millions of tons of chemical fire-fighting foams used

worldwide have discharged toxic substances into the environment, contaminating water supplies and depleting the ozone layer
A new foam called Pyrocool FEF has now been

invented to put out fires effectively without producing the toxic substances found in other firefighting materials.

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REVOLUTIONARY WORKS IN GREEN CHEMISTRY

New syntheses of Ibuprofen and Zoloft. Integrated circuit production. Removing Arsenic and Chromate from pressure treated

wood.
Many new pesticides. New oxidants for bleaching paper and disinfecting water. Getting the lead out of automobile paints. Recyclable carpeting. Replacing VOCs and chlorinated solvents. Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources.
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REFERENCE
Wuts PGM,GREEN tw. GREENES:S PROTECTIVE
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GROOPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS ,4 TH ED . Grooggins PH. Unit process in organic synthesis ,5Th ed. www.ncbi.pubs.com www.scincedirect.com Wellys online library EPA-environmental program of America WECO-guidelines
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