Trigonometry

A S 12.3.5

Triangle Action
opposite
In a 900 triangle: h2 = o2 + a2 Pythagoras The ratios of the sides are defined as:
sinA = opposite o = hypoteneus h e

hy

po te n

adjacent
B

us e

e.g.

5 3

adjacent a cosA = = hypotenuse h

opposite o tanA = = adjacent a

sin B = 3/5

Lets Revise
Calculate the unknown side:
9 500 y For 500 angle; given adjacent; need opposite tan 50 = y/9 y = 9 . tan 50 10,73 x 400

For 400 angle; given opposite; need hypotenuse sin 40 = 8/x x = 8/sin
4 0

12,45

Calculate the unknown angle:

8 17 A

5 8

For angle A; For angle B; Use 2nd given adjacent; F, i.e. tan-1 ; sin-1 given adjacent; given etc., to find the angle opposite given hypotenuse on the calculator.

cos A = /17
8

tan B = 5/8 <B 320

<A 61,930

6km Morgan Point is 6 4km km east and 4 km 480 A north of Cape Cape Point Point.

Morga n Point N

Steve sails directly from tan A bearing of Anna sails from Cape Point on a= 6/4 Cape Point to Morgan 0480. She stops when she is due north of <A = 56,310 Point. What is Morgan Point. his Bearing = 056,310 bearing? How far north of Morgan Point is she? Distance from Morgan tan 42 = opp /6 = 5,4 4 Opp = 6 tan 42 = 1,4 km 5,4 km

If not 900
1 Use sine rule:
sinA sinB sinC = = a b c

A b C

c B a

D
13 cm

e.g .
0

Find the length of EF.

sin55 sin60 Always make = EF sure13 your angle EF opposite the is .sin55= 13.sin60 side to form a EF = 13, cm 74 ratio.

60

550

A 19cm B

Determine <A 460 31cm C

sin46 sinA = 19 31
sinA 0,9695 ...
31x sin46 sinA = 19

A roof truss has the following specifications. Calculate the length of the slanting beam. 960 am

< A 75,820

be

420 3,6m

420

sin42 sin96 = beam 3,6 3,6x sin42 beam= sin96

beam 2,42 m

2 Use cosine rule:

a2 = b2 + c2 2.b.c.cosA or b2 = a2 + c2 2.a.c.cosB or B c2 = a2 + b2 2.a.b.cosC A c a b C

55, b = 2,4 cm and c = 2,9 i.e. <A is between b and c etc. cm A BC2 = 2,42 + 2,92 2x2,4x2,9xcos55 c 5 b = 6,185. 5 C BC = 2,49 cm B

if in ABC, <A = e.angle Calculate BC lies between two sides. The g. used always

Using the cosine rule to find an angle:

b2 + c 2 a2 CosA= 2bc

or
7 cm

a2 + c 2 b2 or CosB = 2ac a2 + b2 c 2 CosC = 2ab

12 cm

. e.g
A b a
8 cm

a2 + b2 c 2 CosC = 2ab

122 + 82 72 CosC = 2 12 8 CosC = 0,828 ...

Calculate <C.
C

< C 34,10

3 Area rule: (If height is not given.)

Area ABC = a b sin C or Area ABC = a c sin B or Area ABC = b c sin A c B a

A b C

Thee.g. angle used always liesof KLM if two= Find the area between KL sides. i.e. <A is betweenLMand c etc. <L =700. 4cm, b = 8cm and K L
cm 4 700 8cm

Area = x 4 x 8 x sin 70 15,04 cm2

Applications
1. A space shuttle is tied
S down by two 120 m long 120 chains. The angle of 120 elevation is 65,380. 65,38 Calculate the distance distance between the tie down points on the ground.
<S = 180 2x(65,38) = 49,240
sin49,24 sin65,38 = dis 120

dis. sin65,38 = 120 sin49,24 .

dis 99,98 m

P shows a point where B A C a penalty kick is taken from in a rugby match. The distance between the posts is 5,5m. P 0 <BPC=6,5 and <ABP=57,60. Calculate the sin6,5 sin1224 , distance to = 5,5 PC the right PC sin6,5 = 5,5 sin1224 , post. <PBC = 180-57,6 PC 41 02 , m 0 = 122,4

2.

3.

A and B are two points on opposites sides of tower CD. AB = 170m and angles of elevation from A and B are 41,50 and 58,10 respectively. C Find the size of <ACB.

80,40

41,5

58,1 B

Calculate length of AC.

sin80,4 sin58,1 = 170 AC
AC sin80,4 = 170sin58,1

This is a 90 triangle.
CD 97m

D Determine the height of the tower CD. C sin 41,5 = 0D /146,4

AC 146 4m ,

P(Polokwane) The navigation triangle shows the N(Nelspruit distances to fly from Bloemfontein to P 230 0km and N. the distance 63 Determine from Nelspruit to M(Bloemfontein) Polokwane. NP2 = 6752 + 6302 2x675x630xcos230 = 69635 NP = 263,89 km Calculate the area enclosed by the navigation triangle. = x 675 x 630 x sin230 Area = 83 079,21 km2
675 km

4.

triangular shape. The area A of the farm = 1024 m2. The length of side PR= 59 m and <P = 79. P Find PQ. 59m 79 1024 A = PQ.PR.sin790 Q R 1024 = PQ.59.sin790 PQ 35,36 m If PQ = 62,73m, calculate what it will cost Mr Ndaki to fence the plot at R210/m. Perimeter = 59 + 35,36 + 62,73 = 157,09m Cost = 157,09 x 210 = R32 988,90

5. Mr Ndaki bought farm land that has a