Transforming Space

A S 12.3.6

Transforming an object means changing its position or appearance e.g.

Translation - moving the object a fixed distance along a line. Reflection - moving (folding) the object across a line (axis). Rotation - moving the object around a point.

Dilations
When an object is dilated (enlarged or reduced), the image is mathematically similar to the object, but a different size than the original. To describe a dilation you need a centre of dilation and a scale factor e.g.

All lengths in all dimensions are multiplied by the same amount, producing an image that has the same proportions as the original.

Lets sketch
Centre: Tells us from where the dilation is measure.
A

X
ob jec t

Reduction of 2 : X A /XA = XB /XB = 1/2 etc. Enlargement of 1,5 : X A /XA = XB /XB = 3/2 etc.

A A

B B B

Hint: Join centre X with the vertices of the triangle in a straight line. Mark points on the lines according to scale

If the triangle is in a Cartesian plane, we can use the co-ordinates. e.g. enlarge ABC with a scale factor 1 /2 , centred about the origin (0;0).
Object: A(4;4),B(2;2),C(4;2) What are the coordinates of the image? Image: A(2;2),B(1;1),C(2;1)
5 4 3 2 1 00 A B C 2 3 4 5 mapping: (x, y) ( x, y) 1 A B C

1.

Enlarge ABC by a factor of 3 relative to the origin with A(2,3), B(3,1), C(1,1).

Lets try

mapping: (x, y) (3x, 3y)

A

C B

Image A'B'C' is A'(6, 9), B'(6, 3), C'(3, 3)

dilatation centre = origin O

If the centre is not outside the object.

D D A B B A A O C

2. Enlarge the shape with

a scale factor , centre A AD etc. AD=

3.
Enlarge the shape with a scale factor 2, centre O. OA etc. OA = 2

Conclusion
If one object becomes another using transformation, then the two objects are either congruent or similar. If you rotate, reflect and/or translate an object then the image is congruent to the object. Shape & size (sides and angles) do not If you resize or dilate an object then the change. image is similar and in proportion to the object. Shape & angles remain the Transformational geometry is used in art, same. textiles, architecture, cultural designs and in nature.

The Mola-Mola Lion Park commissions a giant statue of a lion based on the sketch below. The statue must be 2,5m high. Find the scale factor of the statue. 0 0 Your25company bids to /5 = 50:1 Task make the statue.

Your Task

Write a report detailing the size of at least 3 parts of the statue, such as diameter of the eye, width of head etc. The mass of the statue must also be the same as that of the average male lion. Research this mass. Use it to calculate the cost of the statue at R425 per kg. Add it to your report.

5cm