Professional Documents
Culture Documents
the Internet from your couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology like a cell phone. Wi-Fi enabled computers send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Its just as fast as a cable modem connection. Allows you to access the Internet while on the move ; you can remain online while moving from one area to another, without a disconnection or loss in coverage.
A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter. A Network Interface Card (optional) - Only if a LAN connection is required) An Access Point - essentially a compact radio transmitter with an antenna that connects to a wired connection, such as an Ethernet, DSL, or Cable Network. A valid internet connection.
802.11b
2.4 2.4835 GHz 11 MBPS 128 bit WEP
802.11g
2.4 2.4835 GHz 54 MBPS 128 bit WEP 3 802.11b, 802.11g Larger networks, small business
802.11a
5.725 - 5.850 GHz 54 MBPS 152 bit WEP 256 bit AES 8 802.11a Large business concerned with security
Discrete Channels 3 Natively Compatible Potential user 802.11b, 802.11g Entry level and home networks
Characteristics of an AP
We use Accton, DAX and SMC Access Points, which support 802.11b/g protocols. AP antennas are either uni-directional (helical and patch) or omnidirectional. The 3 discrete channels are 1, 6 and 11, each has an R/F range of 22MHz. The transmission power of an AP is measured either in Milliwat or DBM
30 mw 67 mw 100 mw 15 dbm 18 dbm 20 dbm
Antenna Basics
An antenna propagates and receives RF signals from the air and makes them available to the receiver Frequency Antennas should be tuned to either 2.4 GHz (802.11 b/g) or 5 GHz (802.11a) Power - Antennas can handle specific amounts of power put out by the transmitter. Antennas are generally rated >1W Radiation pattern Defines the radio wave propagation of the antenna. An isotropic pattern means the AP transmits radio waves in all directions equally (beach ball pattern) Gain Represents how well the antenna increases effective signal power, with decibels as unit of measure. For instance, AP transmitting at 100mw with 3 dB gain produces 200mw effective output. dBi is the gain relative to an isotropic source.
Antenna Basics
SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) Ratio of amplitude of radio signal to amplitude of noise in a transmission channel. The greater the ratio, the better the transmission. Receiver sensitivity A measurement of the weakest signal a receiver can receive and still correctly translate it into data. Omni-directional antennas Propagate RF signals in all directions equally in the horizonal plane, but limit range on the vertical plane. Radiation pattern resembles a doughnut with the antenna at the center of the hole. Directional antenna - Transmits and receives RF energy more in one direction than others. Radiation pattern is similar to a flashlight or spotlight. The higher gain antennas have a narrower beam width, which limits coverage on the sides of the antennas.
WiFi Security
Wireless Encryption methods operate strictly between the computer and the AP. SSID (Service Set ID) A unique identifier that acts as a password when a device tries to connect to an AP. Sent in plain text. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Defined in the 802.11b standard. Designed to provide the same kind of security as a wired LAN. Uses a 40 or 64 bit key to encrypt data over radio waves. WPA (Wifi Protected Access) Provides a higher level of security than WEP. Uses RADIUS authentication and advanced encryption protocols. Will be compatible with the 802.11i standard. MAC Address Filtering It is possible to program an AP to accept only certain MAC addresses and filter out all others.
o Configuration utility The Access Point CD contains a configuration utility, which can be installed on your PC and used to configure connected APs. o COM port Some APs (DAX, for instance) can be connected to the PC via com port and configured using hyperterminal
Orinoco
Plug n play
Plug n play
Accton
Cisco
Plug n play
Drivers required
Proxim
Drivers required
Manual Authentication
To be used when the Taj login page does not display. Enter 203.199.75.20/nomxm/index.html in the address bar of your browser. Click Subscriber Add. Enter the IP address of the hotels Nomadix Access Gateway, and the MAC address of the PCMCIA card. Enter the expiration time in hours or minutes. Click Submit. Click Cache Update and fill in the Nomadix IP address and card MAC address. Click Submit. An OK message is generated after each submit. An ERR message would mean that the details were entered incorrectly. If this occurs, please re-enter the information
Features of a Hub
Hubs work on the TCP/IP physical layer. Used to extend an ethernet wire to allow more end stations to communicate with each other, as if they were on the same segment. Does not manipulate or view the traffic that crosses it. Devices are on the same collision and broadcast domain. Devices share the same bandwidth
Ethernet Standards
Thin Ethernet, 10 Base 2 Speed 10 Mbps Thick Ethernet, 10 Base 5 10 Mbps Twisted Fast Gigabit Pair Ethernet, Ethernet, Ethernet, 100 Base T 1000 Base T 10 Base T 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps
185 m
500 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
RG-58 UTP. RJ- UTP. RJ-45 type coax, 45 Connectors 50 ohm Connector impedance s
CAT 5, 6 and 7
CAT5 Cable CAT 5 is the 5th generation of Ethernet cabling. Is a multi-twisted cable consisting of 4 pairs of copper wires. Its supports Fast Ethernet. CAT5e Cable Stands for Cat5 enhanced. Ordinary CAT5 utilize only 2 of 4 pairs for Fast Ethernet. CAT6 supports all 4 pairs and supports Gigabit Ethernet (1000mbps). Is backward compatible with CAT 5. Cat6 Cable Similar to CAT5e, but has improvements which enable a higher Signal-to-noise ratio, allowing higher reliability and higher data rates.
IP Address Basics
Class A addresses : 0-network.host.host.host Initial Byte 0 127 Class B 10-network.network.host.host Initial Byte 128 191 Class C 110-network.network.network.host Initial Byte 192 - 223 Private IP Used on a internal LAN which is not accessed by the public. 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 Public IP Used for direct access to public networks, such as the internet.
IP Address Basics
Subnet Mask : A 32 bit figure, similar to IP addresses. Accompanies the IP address and is used to divide a network into subnets. A 1 bit indicates network and 0 indicates host. A valid subnet mask has the leftmost bits to 1 and rightmost bits to 0. Port Numbers - Below 1024 Well-known ports - Above 1024 Dynamically assigned ports FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP HTTP SNMP 21 23 25 53 69 80 161
Authentication by Fidelio Users last name and room no. is sent to Fidelio. Based on room no, Fidelio invokes the username string. This string is compared to the last name as entered by user. If it matches, user is authenticated and MAC address added to MAC table. Hitting Alt+F4 on the PMS server will display the exact authentication process
Mail Server
Is usually installed on the PMS interface server. Is used for SMTP redirection, which is a feature of Nomadix. Regardless of the server the user has configured, mails are redirected to the configured mail server. User does not need to make any configuration changes in his e-mail client. Changing the user server settings to include the IP of the mail server will not make a difference.
Mail Server
Mail server may hang, or processing delayed, if a large amount of spam, or virus-infected mails are sent. Would also hang if the server machine itself is infected by a virus. In certain hotels, admin users are given a separate connection to the internet, so do not use our mail server. In other cases, admin users MAC addresses are added to Nomadix with unlimited access, so are redirected to out mail server.