Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Job Analysis
Goal:
Match Person & Job Definitions Format of a Job Description Format of a Task Statement Job Analysis Process New Views of Job Analysis
Need
Definitions
Job
Analysis: the process of collecting & analyzing information about jobs to write:
Job
Description: Description: a document that identifies the tasks & duties performed by a job Job Specification: a document that identifies Specification: the qualifications required by a job
Most
organizations combine the Job Description & the Job Specification into a single document for each job
Usually
Definitions (more)
a unit of work activity performed by a worker within a limited time period Duty: several related tasks that are Duty: performed by a worker Position: the set of all tasks & duties Position: performed by a worker Job: a group of identical positions Job:
Task: Task:
Example:
http://krypton.mnsu.edu/~sc humann/www/teach/sample _job_descrip.pdf
Job Summary:
Plan, organize, direct, and coordinate the workers and resources of the restaurant for the efficient, well-prepared, and profitable service of food and beverages.
Tasks and Duties:
1. Work with chefs and other personnel to plan menus that are flavorful and popular with customers. Work with chefs for efficient provisioning and purchasing of supplies. Estimate food and beverage costs. Supervise portion control and quantities of preparation to minimize waste. Perform frequent c hecks to ensure consistent high quality of preparation and service. 2. Supervise operation of bar to maximize profitability, minimize legal liability, and conform to alcoholic beverage regulations. 3. Work with other management personnel to plan marketing, advertising, and any special restaurant functions. 4. Direct hiring, training, and scheduling of food service personnel. 5. Investigate and resolve complaints concerning food quality and service. 6. Enforce sanitary practices for food handling, general cleanliness, andmaintenance of kitchen and dining areas. 7. Comply with all health and safety regulations. 8. Review and monitor, with bookkeeper or other financial personnel, expenditures to ensure that they conform to budget limitations. Work to improve performance. 9. Perform other duties as assigned by management.
Qualifications:
Common
Job
Elements
1. Bachelor of Science degree in hotel/restaurant management is desirable. A combination of practical experience and education will be considered as an alternate. 2. Good organizational skills for dealing with diverse duties and staff. 3. Pleasant, polite manner for dealing with public as well as staff. Reports to: Supervises: Date: Department: Division: Approved:
Task Statements
Qualifications Other
information
word or phrase (required): Performs what action? (Present-tense verb) (Present Example:
Supervise
Next
word or phrase (required): To whom or what is the action performed? (Object of the verb)
Example:
operation of bar
Next
to maximize profitability,
Plan, organize, direct, and coordinate the workers and resources of the restaurant for the efficient, well-prepared, and profitable service of food and beverages.
Tasks and Duties:
1. Work with chefs and other personnel to plan menus that are flavorful and popular with customers. Work with chefs for efficient provisioning and purchasing of supplies. Estimate food and beverage costs. Supervise portion control and quantities of preparation to minimize waste. Perform frequent c hecks to ensure consistent high quality of preparation and service. 2. Supervise operation of bar to maximize profitability, minimize legal liability, and conform to alcoholic beverage regulations. 3. Work with other management personnel to plan marketing, advertising, and any special restaurant functions. 4. Direct hiring, training, and scheduling of food service personnel. 5. Investigate and resolve complaints concerning food quality and service. 6. Enforce sanitary practices for food handling, general cleanliness, andmaintenance of kitchen and dining areas. 7. Comply with all health and safety regulations. 8. Review and monitor, with bookkeeper or other financial personnel, expenditures to ensure that they conform to budget limitations. Work to improve performance. 9. Perform other duties as assigned by management.
Qualifications:
Each
Optional:
1. Bachelor of Science degree in hotel/restaurant management is desirable. A combination of practical experience and education will be considered as an alternate. 2. Good organizational skills for dealing with diverse duties and staff. 3. Pleasant, polite manner for dealing with public as well as staff.
Identify
Job
incumbents: observation, interview, questionnaire Supervisor of job: interview, questionnaire Other sources
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Narrative
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Job Analysis (FJA): adds to the Job Description 7 scales (numbers) that measure:
3 worker-function scales: % of time spent with: worker Data People Things 1 worker-instruction scale worker3 scales that measure the general educational requirements: reasoning, mathematics, & language
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job data
needed
Phase 4: Assessment
Evaluate
Continuous
improvement: learn from both successes & mistakes to continuously get better
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the tasks, knowledge, skills, & abilities that will be needed to perform a job in the future
Instead of describing how a job is today, describe how it will be in the future Typically uses experts to help make predictions of the future
Competency
Identify
Modeling
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the observable performance dimensions that differentiate effective from ineffective employees
Restaurant Manager
Job Summary:
Plan, organize, direct, and coordinate the workers and resources of the restaurant for the efficient, well-prepared, and profitable service of food and beverages.
Tasks and Duties:
1. Work with chefs and other personnel to plan menus that are flavorful and popular with customers. Work with chefs for efficient provisioning and purchasing of supplies. Estimate food and beverage costs. Supervise portion control and quantities of preparation to minimize waste. Perform frequent c hecks to ensure consistent high quality of preparation and service. 2. Supervise operation of bar to maximize profitability, minimize legal liability, and conform to alcoholic beverage regulations. 3. Work with other management personnel to plan marketing, advertising, and any special restaurant functions. 4. Direct hiring, training, and scheduling of food service personnel. 5. Investigate and resolve complaints concerning food quality and service. 6. Enforce sanitary practices for food handling, general cleanliness, andmaintenance of kitchen and dining areas. 7. Comply with all health and safety regulations. 8. Review and monitor, with bookkeeper or other financial personnel, expenditures to ensure that they conform to budget limitations. Work to improve performance. 9. Perform other duties as assigned by management.
Qualifications:
How
1. Bachelor of Science degree in hotel/restaurant management is desirable. A combination of practical experience and education will be considered as an alternate. 2. Good organizational skills for dealing with diverse duties and staff. 3. Pleasant, polite manner for dealing with public as well as staff. Reports to: Supervises: Date: Department: Division: Approved:
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Outline
Goal:
Match Person & Job Definitions Format of a Job Description Format of a Task Statement Job Analysis Process New Views of Job Analysis
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Select jobs to study Determine information to collect: tasks, responsibilities, and skill requirements Identify sources of data: Employees, supervisors/managers Methods of data collection: Interviews, questionnaires, observation, diaries, and records Evaluate and verify data collection: Other employees, supervisors/managers Write job analysis report
JOB DESIGN
What employees actually do on the job, the design of their work, has great influence on their productivity and level of satisfaction. Def: Job Design is the process of deciding on the content of a job in terms of its duties and responsibilities; on the methods to be used in carrying out the job, in terms of techniques, systems and procedures and on the relationships that should exist between the job holder and the superiors, subordinates and colleagues.
JOB DESIGN
Major Concern: Employee Productivity & Satisfaction Purpose of Job Design: how the job is to be performed, who is to perform it, and where it is to be performed. Affect on Employee: How he feels about a Job. Impact : Level of Authority- How much decisionAuthoritydecisionmaking the employee has and how make tasks he/she has to complete and interpersonal relationships
Engineering Approach:
The work of every workman is fully planned out by the management in advance and each man receives in most cases complete written instructions, describing in detail the task which he/she has to accomplish-FW TAYLOR. accomplishProblem with this approach: RepetitionRepetitionMechanical pacing-no end product-little socal pacingproductinteractioninteraction-no input
Human Approach:
The Human relations approach recognized the need to design jobs which are interesting and rewarding. Herzbergs research popularized the notion of enhancing need satisfaction through what is called job enrichment. enrichment. Factors involved: Motivators like achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth and Hygienic factors. According to Herzberg. The Employee is dissatisfied with Herzberg. the job if required maintenance factors to the required degree are not introduced into the job.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Theory by Hackman and Oldham states that employees will work hard when they are rewarded for the work they do and when the work gives them satisfaction. Hence integration of motivation, satisfaction and performance with job design. design. According to this approach Job can be described in terms of five core job dimensions: Skill Variety Task Identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback
Job Rotation: Refers to the movement of an employee from one Job to another. Please note: Jobs themselves are not actually Changed, only employees are Rotated among various jobs. Job Enlargement When a job is enlarged the tasks being performed are either enlarged or several short tasks are given to on worker, thus the scope of the Job is increased because there are many tasks to be performed by the same worker. Job Enrichment: Job enrichment as is currently practiced all over the work is a direct outgrowth of Herzbergs Two factor theory of motivation.
JOB ANALYSIS
Need: procurement is the first operative function of personnel management which can be sub divided into various sub functions like HRP, Recruitments and Selection. Right PERSON for the RIGHT JOB at the Right Time and In a RIGHT PLACE. PLACE.
Job Terminology: Before discussing job analysis in more detail, many related terms used in personnel should be carefully defined:
TASK: A DISTINCT WORK ACTIVITY WHICH HAS AN IDENTIFIABLE BEGINNING AND END. Ex: Post Man Sorting Bag Full of mails in appropriate boxes DUTY; SEVERAL TASKS WHICH ARE RELATED BY SOME SEQUENCE OF EVENTS.
Position-JOBPosition-JOB-Job Family
POSITION: A COLLECTION OF TASKS AND DUTIES WHICH ARE PERFORMED BY ONE PERSON .EX: Mail Room Clerk JOB : ONE OR MORE POSITIONS WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION JOB FAMILY: SEVERAL JOBS OF A SIMILAR NATURE WHICH MAY COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER OR MAY BE SPREAD OUT THROUGHOUT THE ORGANIZATION PERFORMING SIMILAR FUNCTIONS: Ex: Jobs Located in different departments
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Jobs can be analyzed through a process, which consists of Six basic steps, these steps consist of : Collection of background information Selection of representative positions to be analyzed Collection of job analysis data Developing a job description Developing of a job Specification Developing Employee Specification
The Job Analysis provides the following information Job identification Significant characteristics of a job What the typical worker does? Job duties What materials and equipments the worker uses How a job is performed Required personal attributes Job relationships