TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION: MOTION IN A PLANE

PROJECTILE MOTION

PROJECTILE MOTION
The curved motion of an object that is projected into the air and acted upon by the gravitational force of the earth.

PROJECTILE MOTION
Motion is confined to a vertical plane (XY plane) determined by the direction of the initial velocity.

PROJECTILE Is a body which is given an initial velocity and which then moves with only the resistance of the air and the action of gravity acting upon it.

PROJECTILE Factors such as air resistance, earths rotation, and variation motion of g with altitude may be neglected.

1. PROJECTILE FIRED HORIZONTALLY

Is a parabolic curve symmetric to the vertical axis passing through the projectiles highest position.

TRAJECTORY The path of a projectile

RANGE. Is the horizontal distance from the starting position to the point at which the projectile returns to its original height.

MAXIMUM HEIGHT Highest vertical distance attained by the projectile Vertical velocity vy is zero at this point

TIME OF FLIGHT Time in which the projectile is in the air

Key to the analysis of projectile motion is the fact that the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components of the motion can be treated separately.

No force acts on a projectile after its release except the pull of gravity or its weight. The object that undergoes a projectile motion actually accelerates. Consider the components of its velocity- the vertical and the horizontal components

 green sphere -constant horizontal motion red sphere- undergoes a verticallyaccelerated motion only the force of gravity acts. vertical free fall motion and constant horizontal motion - then the trajectory will be that of a parabola.blue sphere It will travel the same horizontal distance in each consecutive second but will fall vertically a greater distance in each consecutive second.

 The horizontal component of the velocity, Vx is constant. The horizontal component of acceleration in a projectile motion is equal to zero. Hence, motion along the horizontal is uniform.

 The vertical component of velocity, Vy, is increasing. It has a constant acceleration along the vertical axis equal to g, the acceleration due to gravity.

PROJECTILE FIRED HORIZONTALLY

2.

PROJECTILE FIRED HORIZONTALLY

3.

NON HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES

CONCEPTUAL QUESTION

The Plane and The Package Consider a plane moving with a constant speed at an elevated height above the Earth's surface. In the course of its flight, the plane drops a package from its luggage compartment. What will be the path of the package and where will it be with respect to the plane? And how can the motion of the package be described

ANSWER
The Plane and the Package

CONCEPTUAL QUESTION The Monkey and Zookeeper

Suppose the zookeeper must shoot the banana from the banana cannon to the monkey who hangs from the limb of a tree. This particular monkey has a habit of dropping from the tree the moment that the banana leaves the muzzle of the cannon. The zookeeper is faced with the dilemma of where to aim the banana cannon in order to hit the monkey. If the monkey let go of the tree the moment that the banana is fired, then where should she aim the banana cannon?

To ponder this question, consider the scenario in which the zookeeper aims above the monkey (perhaps she presumes that gravity will accelerate the banana downward such that it hits the monkey). What would be the path of the banana? Would the banana hit the monkey?

Throw above the monkey with gravity on

Throw at the monkey at fast speed with gravity on

Throw at the monkey in a gravity free environment

Throw at the monkey at slow speed with gravity on

CONCEPTUAL QUESTION Pick up Truck and a Ball

Imagine a pickup truck moving with a constant speed along a city street. In the course of its motion, a ball is projected straight upwards by a launcher located in the bed of the truck. Imagine as well that the ball does not encounter a significant amount of air resistance. What will be the path of the ball and where will it be located with respect to the pickup truck? How can the motion of the ball be described? And where will the ball land with respect to the truck?

ANSWER Pick up Truck and a Ball

 The horizontal motion of the ball is the result of its own inertia.

APPLICATIONS
PROJECTILE MOTION

Example
A ball is kicked near the edge of a cliff with a horizontal velocity of 10 m/s. (a) What is the velocity upon impact if it hits the ground after 2 s? (b) In what direction is it moving? (c) What is the horizontal displacement of the ball?

Example
A dart is thrown horizontally at 8 m/s. (a) How fast is it moving 0.67 s later? (b) In what direction is it moving? (c) What is the horizontal displacement or range of the dart?

Example
A baseball is hit at an angle of 65 above the ground with an initial velocity of 30 ft/s. (a) What is the total time of flight? (b) What is the range? (c) What is the maximum height reached?

Example
A football is thrown with a velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 30 above the horizontal. (a) How far away should the intended receiver be? (b) What will be the time of flight? (c) What is the maximum height reached?

A war plane is in level flight at a velocity of 350 mi/h and an altitude of 6000 ft when it drops a bomb. (a) How long does the bomb take to reach the ground? (b) What will the bombs velocity be upon impact? (c) What is the direction of the bomb at this time? (d) What is the horizontal displacement or range of the bomb?