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Learning Objectives
Identify

major developments and trends in the industries, technologies, and business applications of telecommunications and Internet technologies. examples of the business value of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications.

Provide

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Learning Objectives (continued)

Identify

the basic components, functions, and types of telecommunications networks used in business.

Explain

the functions of major types of telecommunications network hardware, software, media, and services.

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Section I

The Networked Enterprise

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Networking the Enterprise


Networking

business and employees Connecting them to customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.

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Trends in Telecommunications

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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Industry

competitive More options for the firm Technology Unrestricted connectivity Easy access for end users Open systems Use common standards for hardware, software, applications, & networking.
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Technology

(continued) High degree of interoperability Digital networks Higher transmission speeds Moves larger amounts of information Greater economy Lower error rates Multiple types of communications on the same circuits
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Technology

(continued) Fiber-optic lines & cellular, PCS, satellite & other wireless technologies Faster transmission speeds

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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Business

applications Dramatic increase in the number of feasible telecommunication applications. Cut costs, reduce lead times, shorten response times, support e-commerce, improve collaboration, share resources, lock in customers & suppliers, & develop new products & services
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Business Value of Telecommunications Networks

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The Internet
A

network of networks Popular uses E-mail Instant messaging Browsing the World Wide Web Newsgroups and chat rooms

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The Internet (continued)

The

business value of the Internet

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Intranets
Within

an organization Uses Internet technologies Business value of Intranets Used for information sharing, communication, collaboration, & support of business processes. Web publishing Comparatively easy, attractive, & lower cost alternative for publishing & accessing multimedia business information
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Intranets (continued)

Business

Operations & Management Used for developing & deploying critical business applications Supports operations and managerial decision making

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Extranets
Network

links that use Internet technologies to interconnect the firms intranet with the intranets of customers, suppliers, or other business partners Consultants, subcontractors, business prospects, & others

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Extranets (continued)

Business

value Improve communication with customers and business partners Gain competitive advantage in Product development Cost savings Marketing Distribution Leveraging their partnerships
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Section II

Telecommunications Network Alternatives

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Telecommunications Network Alternatives

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A Telecommunications Network Model

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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)

Consists

of five basic components Terminals Any input/output device that uses telecommunication networks to transmit or receive data Telecommunication processors Support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers
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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)

Telecommunications

channels The medium over which data are transmitted and received Computers Interconnected by telecommunications networks Telecommunications control software Control telecommunications activities & manage the functions of telecommunications networks
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Types of Telecommunications Networks


Wide

Area Networks (WAN) Cover a large geographic area. Area Networks (LAN) Connect computers & other information processing devices within a limited physical area. Connected via ordinary telephone wiring, coaxial cable, or wireless radio & infrared systems
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Local

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

Virtual

Private Networks A secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network, but relies on fire walls and other security features

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

Client/Server

Networks Clients end user PCs or NCs Server helps with application processing and also manages the network

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

Network

computing the network is the computer Thin clients process small application programs called applets.

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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)

Peer-to-Peer

(P2P) Two major models Central server architecture Pure peer-to-peer

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Telecommunications Media
Twisted-pair

wire Coaxial cable Minimizes interference and distortion Allows high-speed data transmission Fiber optics Glass fiber that conducts pulses of light generated by lasers Size and weight reduction Increased speed and carrying capacity
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Telecommunications Media (continued)

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Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial

Microwave Line-of-sight path between relay stations spaced approximately 30 miles apart.

Communications

Satellites Geosynchronous orbits Serve as relay stations for communications signals transmitted from earth stations
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Wireless Technologies (continued)

Cellular

& PCS Systems Each cell is typically from one to several square miles in area. Each cell has its own low-power transmitter or radio relay antenna. Computers & other communications processors coordinate & control the transmissions to/from mobile users as they move from one cell to another
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Wireless Technologies (continued)

Wireless

LANs Spread spectrum Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

Wireless

Web Uses Web-enabled information appliances Very thin clients

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Telecommunications Processors
Modems

(modulation/demodulation) Changes signals from analog to digital and back to analog

Multiplexers
Allows

a single communication channel to carry simultaneous data transmissions from many terminals
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Telecommunications Processors (continued)

Internetwork Switches

Processors

connections between telecomm circuits so a message can reach its intended destination Router Interconnects networks based on different rules or protocols
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Makes

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Telecommunications Processors (continued)

Hub Port

switching communications processor

Gateway

processor that interconnects networks that use different communications architecture

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Telecommunications Software

Provides

a variety of communications support services including connecting & disconnecting communications links & establishing communications parameters such as transmission speed, mode, and direction.

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Telecommunications Software (continued)

Network

Management Traffic management Security Network monitoring Capacity planning

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Network Topologies
Star Ties

end user computers to a central computer Considered the least reliable


Ring

(sometimes called Token Ring) Ties local computer processors together in a ring on a more equal basis. Considered more reliable & less costly
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Network Topologies (continued)

Bus Local

processors share the same bus, or communications channel Tree is a variation which ties several bus networks together

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Network Topologies (continued)

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Network Architectures & Protocols


Protocols

standard set of rules & procedures for the control of communications in a network Standards for the physical characteristics of cables and connectors Network Architecture Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible, efficient telecommunications environment
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Network Architectures and Protocols (continued)

OSI

Model

TCP/IP Transmission

Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol Used by the Internet and all intranets and extranets

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Bandwidth Alternatives
Bandwidth

is the frequency range of a telecommunications network Determines the channels maximum transmission rate Measured in bits per second (bps) or baud Narrow-band Low-speed transmission Broadband High-speed transmission
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Switching Alternatives
Circuit

switching switching

Packet

Cell

switching

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Discussion Questions
The

Internet is the driving force behind developments in telecommunications, networks, and other information technologies. Do you agree or disagree? is the trend toward open systems, connectivity, and interoperability related to business use of the Internet, intranets, and extranets?
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How

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Discussion Questions (continued)

How

will wireless information appliances and services affect the business use of the Internet and the Web?

What

are some of the business benefits and management challenges of client/server networks? Network computing? Peer-to-peer networks?
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Discussion Questions (continued)

What

is the business value driving so many companies to rapidly install and extend intranets throughout their organizations?

What

strategic competitive benefits do you see in a companys use of extranets?

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Discussion Questions (continued)

Do

you think that business use of the Internet, intranets, and extranets has changed what businesspeople expect from information technology in their jobs? you believe that the insatiable demand for everything wireless, video, and Web-enabled will be the driving force behind developments in telecommunications, networking, and computing technologies for the foreseeable future?
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Do

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Real World Case 1 FedEx versus UPS


Why

does telecommunications play such a key role in the competition between FedEx and UPS?

Why

does information about the package have such a strategic business value in the express delivery business?

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Real World Case 1 (continued)

What

telecommunications products or services would you recommend that FedEx or UPS use to improve their competitive position in the overnight delivery and shipping business? the different management styles of FedEx and UPS. What makes them work?

Consider

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Real World Case 1 (continued)

What

other IT or web-based services could FedEx and UPS offer their business or consumer customers?

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Real World Case 2 Nielsen Media Research


Managing

bandwidth use Monitoring and enforcing Centralizing operations Testing & tuning applications

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Real World Case 2 (continued)

How

do the network bandwidth problems experienced by the companies in this case affect their business performance?

What

network management tactics are used to help solve these problems?

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Real World Case 2 (continued)

What

other network management tactics would you recommend to help solve the business problems identified in this case?

What

are some network usage problems not mentioned in the case that could be solved by better network management?

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Real World Case 3 Link Staffing, FMC, AutoWeb, & APL Logistics
Why

do companies implement virtual private networks? is the business case for outsourcing VPN services?

What

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Real World Case 3 (continued)

What

role does network management software play in implementing and managing VPNs? challenges did each company face and how did they use VPNs to help answer those challenges?

What

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Real World Case 4 Dow Chemical


Why

have companies been reluctant to rely on Internet telephony instead of traditional telephone systems for business use?

Do

the potential business benefits support Dow Chemicals decision to implement a new global VOIP network?

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Real World Case 4 (continued)

Would

you recommend that more companies implement IP telephony services? Why?

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Real World Case 5 General Motors Corp.


What

is the business value of wireless LANs to

GM?
What

are the security vulnerabilities of wireless LANs? Is GM taking appropriate security measures?

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Real World Case 5 (continued)

What

are some other possible business applications of wireless LANs? are some of the benefits and challenges of LANs in a small business environment?

What

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