Do Organisations Behave?

What is an organisation?

Exist in an environment
Also have an internal environment

Studies the impact of behviour of Behaviour at the level of:

o

Individuals

o
o

Teams
Organisation

On OE Isnt it just common sense?

How does it help

Predict

Manage
Control Behaviour

Each Person is Different - Yet Behaviour is generally predictable

Through Systematic Studies - Not Just Intuition

Cause effect Draw conclusions based on scientific evidence
The reality in the workplace

Economic Times Mumbai July 23, 2010

N Shantaprasad Batch of 2004 Heinz India Ltd Many say that practical experience things into place but then have seen a I got people who do not I finished myIPGDM in 2008.lot of placement in a large private sector bank manage these things even with years of experience and as an assistant manager with an annual 3,57,000 CTC package. I was asked some who manage it much better even with lesser to leave the organisation due to poor feedback given by my subordinates experience during thethings aka interpersonal skills, how to manage 2009. I These half-yearly performance review. I resigned in November have not got a job matching my earlier profile, nor have I attended any subordinates interviews. Kindly help me get my career back on track. eg keeping distance, yet remaining open, managing their compensation in a fixed budget

Many skills related to people yourself and other Our understanding about Organisations people and their Evolution ANALYSIS

Evolution of Organisational Behaviour (Organisation Theory)

o

Early Approaches Adam Smith and Company Classical Management Scientific Management /Max Weber / Henry Fayols 14 principles

Human Relations / Behavioural Sciences view Hawthorne Experiments

Open Systems view of organisations Contingency Approach

The syllabus

OB Syllabus
o

Introduction Relevance Personality Perception / Values and Attitudes, Motivation Group Behaviour / Dynamics Organisational Design Leadership Concepts, Power and Politics Organisation Development / change/ culture
Systematic Study leads to theory (generalisations)

What is Theory ?

a set of statements about interrelationships

among concepts /

variables

that allow us to predict and explain various processes and events

Dependent and independent variable eg AGE and Productivity

Independent Variables may be at the level of Individual, Group, Organisation

The tools used for this systematic studyExample Survey

Testing Theories - Tools of OB Research Survey Research

o

Identify variables of interest eg communication apprehension and gender /

likely area of specialisation

Using questionnaires - Decide how to measure these variables

analyse data .

Compare results to the hypothesis

Any two variables that increase together are positively correlated.

Eg communication apprehension

Excerpts from Personal Report of Communication Apprehension

This instrument is composed of twenty-four statements .applies to you by marking whether you: Strongly Disagree = 1; Disagree = 2; are Neutral = 3; Agree = 4; Strongly Agree = 5 _____1. I dislike participating in group discussions. _____2. Generally, I am comfortable while participating in group discussions. _____6. I am calm and relaxed while participating in group discussions. _____7. Generally, I am nervous when I have to participate in a meeting. _____8. Usually, I am comfortable when I have to participate in a meeting. _____9. I am very calm and relaxed when I am called upon to express an opinion at a meeting. _____11. Communicating at meetings usually makes me uncomfortable. _____12. I am very relaxed when answering questions at a meeting. ____24. While giving a speech, I get so nervous I forget facts I really know.

Gender Independent Variable / Communication Apprehension- Dependent Variable

GD
2007 2008 14.8 12.6

Meeting
15.4 14

Inter personal 14.3 12.9

Public
Speaking 18.3 16.8

Influenced by??? Girls had little higher apprehension than boys

Difference max in GDs and Public speaking

In Interpersonal and Meeting girls less apprehensive than boys

Experiments

Experimental Research

ascertain causal connections Independent Variable - Systematically manipulated to determine its effect eg - LIGHTING Dependent variable - Variable that is measured behaviour of interest eg PRODUCTIVITY
If the Independent variable does influence behaviour, then people exposed to different amounts of it should

behave differently.
Increasing relevance of OB today

Why OB is so relevant today Globalisation global work force, more expatriates,

cultures, overseeing movements of work from high cost

centres to low cost centres
o

Managing Workforce Diversity embracing diversity

Improving quality and productivity Improving Customer Service Empowering people

Why OB is so relevant today

Stimulating innovation and change

Coping with temporariness

Helping employees balance work / life conflicts Improving ethical behaviour.
EI the marshmallow test video http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=QX_oy9614HQ&feature=c hannel

Analysis Group Exercise

First semester marks and Exercise Performance 0.20 Earn While you learn and Exercise Performance 0.38 Group Performing best had Maximum Variation in first semester marks Group Performing worst had Minimum Variation in first semester marks

Establishing causation experimental research

Foundations of Individual Behaviour

Robbins, 11th Edition, Chapter 2

Personal Characteristics Age / gender Education Abilities Family EI etc

intellectual, Physical

Psychological Factors Personality Perception Attitudes / values Learning classical

Conditioning, Operant CondiItioning, Social Learning

Individual Behavior

Organisational Factors Resources Facilites Rewards Leadership Structure etc

Environmental Factors Economic conditions Social norms Cultural values Ethics and social Responsibility Political

How people differ(some differences)

Appearance

How they deal with others

Thinking / intelligence

Values / Attitudes / Emotions

Likes and dislikes / preferences motivation

Behaviour and responses

How they view a particular situation & learn