SMPN 1 Denpasar 2011

By : Aveda Astya (9C/07) Cindy Raina (9C/07)

Concept Map
Expenditures System Osmoregulatio n

Secretion

Defecation

Excretion

Kidney Urine

Skin Sweat

Lungs Carbondioxide and water

Liver Bile liquid

Introduction

Excretion is a process or releasing metabolism waste from the body. The function of Excretion system is to released metabolism waste out the body. Human excretion organs consist of : 1. Kidney 2. Lungs 3. Skin 4. Liver

Kidney
Human

have 2 kidneys. Kidney is located in distal abdomen cavity. Right kidneys located is lower than left kidney because above it there is liver.

Anatomy of Kidney

Functions of Kidney To filter blood To arrange water and salt balance in blood To throw away nitrogen waste from blood in form of urea To released metabolism waste in form of urine

Structure of Kidney
Structure of kidney divided by 3 main part, such as : Cortex consist of nephrons. Nephrons composed by malphigian body. Malphigian body consist of glomerulus and bowmans capsule.

The inner portion of kidney is medulla. A funnel-shaped chamber is called pelvis.

Urine Formed Process

Urine formed process in kidney through 3 phase : Filtration Reabsorbed Augmentation
1 Tubulus Proksimal NaCl Nutrients HCO3 H2O K+ H2O NaCl H+ NH3 K+ KORTEKS 2

4 Tubulus Distal HCO3

H+

Filtrasi
H2O Salts (NaCl and others) HCO3 H+ Urea Glucose; amino acids Some drugs

Lengkung Henle turun NaCl H2O

MEDULA LUAR 3 Lengkung Henle naik

NaCl 5 Tubulus Pengumpul Urea NaCl H2O

Key Active transport Passive transport MEDULA DALAM

Filtration

This process occurs in glomerulus. Liquids filtered fit to the Bowman capsule. Fluid is composed of urea, glucose, water, ions inorganic such as sodium potassium, calcium and chlorine.

Reabsorbed

This process occurs Proximal Contortus

Tubule. The process that occurs is the reabsorption substances which can still be needed by the body. substance is reabsorbed is glucose, water, amino acids and inorganic ions. While urea is only slightly reabsorbed. Fluid produced from the process reabsorption of urine is called secondary.

Augmentation

This process occurs in Distal Contortus Tubule and also in collecting ducts. In this part occurs collection of fluid from the previous process. In this section also still occurs absorption of sodium ion, chlorine and urea. The resulting liquid has the form real urine. Urine that has been formed and accumulated in thrown out of the body cavity of the kidney through the ureter, bladder and urethra. The process of urine caused by an pressure in the bladder. Pressure on bladder in addition caused by the influence nerve is also contraction of abdominals muscle and organs that pressure on your bladder.

Expenditures Sequence of Urine

Expenditures sequence of urine from kidney until out from our body : KIDNEY URETER BLADDER URETHRA Substances that contained in urine :
Water Urea, ureat acid, and ammonia Bile colour substance Salts especially NaCl Substances that were abundant in blood

Skin

Skin is thin layer that covers our bodys surface.

Anatomy of Skin

Structure of Skin
Stratum Corneum Epidermis

Malphigian Layer

Ski n

Sweat Glands
Oil Glands Dermis Blood Vessels

Root Hair
Subcutaneous tissue

Functions of Skin

As the expenditure tool As the sense feeler with the help of sunlight to manufacture vitamin D from provitamin D a place to store excess fat protect the body againstgerms from the outside the human body's temperature regulator

Part of Skin

Humans skin is composed by 3 layer, such as :

Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue

Epidermis

Epidermis is composed by 2 layers, such as :

Stratum corneum

This layer consists of dead cells are easy to peel does not feel pain because of this there is no layer of nerves and blood vessels. This layer lies below the stratum corneum contained within blood vessels and nerve tissue. pigment (skin pigment) there is a layer of these are useful to protect from sunburn

Malpighian layer

Subcutaneous tissue Dermis

In the dermis there are : This network was received

fat funtioned for the food

Sweat glands (glandula surodifera) regulator reserve and body's temperature serves to remove the

sweat Oil glands (glandula sebasea) serves to lubricate the hair is not dry Blood vessel serves to channel the food to the roots of the hair Nerve endings of touch and taste of food reserves and serves to brace the body temperature

Sweat Expenditured Process

Transpiration process regulated by the hypothalamus (the brain). The hypothalamuscan produce enzymes that work affects bradykinin sweat gland activity. If the hypothalamus gets stimulation, for example in the form of temperature changes on blood vessels, then the stimulus is transmitted by the sympathetic nerves to sweat glands. Further more, the sweat glands will absorb the salt water and little urea from the blood capillaries and then sends it to the surface of the skin in the form of perspiration.

LUNGS, LIVER AND DISEASES

Ni Komang Cindy Raina IX C/09

LUNGS

Lungs is organ used in breathing and respiration. Breathing is the process of moving oxygen into and out of the lungs. Respiration refers to all of the process in breathing.

As an excretion organ, lungs produce waste, they are carbon diox.de and water vapor. They are excreted from the bodys cell and enter the circulatory system that takes it to the heart and than to the lung. Finally, it enters the capillaries which surround alveoli. Alveoli are small bubbles in lung cavity.

 Alveoli

Blood in the capillaries contains more carbon dioxide than in the alveoli cavity. As the result, capillarys carbon dioxide will diffuse through the capillary wall and alveoli wall and then go to the alveoli cavity. Carbon dioxide will diffuse if the capillary and alveoli cell wall are wet. Finally, carbon dioxide and water are excreted from the body through bronchus, trachea and nose.

LIVER

Liver is the organ located at belly hollow in right. Its the largest organ in human body. The color is brown red. It gets blood from aorta through artery and vena which carry food essence from the intestine.

As excretion organ, it produces bile liquid as the product of erythrocyte degradation and urea as the product of protein degradation. Bile liquid is green colored because it contains color substance (bilirubin and biliverdin). It also contains bile salt.

Liver

Bile liquid is saved in the gallbladder and released to the small intestine to help the digestion process, such as fat digestion. Bile color substance will be excreted out through small intestine and will be oxidated to be urobilin which the color is brown yellow as the dye of urine and feces.

The functions of liver : Producer of bile liquid Toxic neutralizer Blood cells degradation A place to save glycogen A place to form urea A place where protein is synthesized and degraded

DISEASES

Kidney diseases are as follows: Diabetes Mellitus : there is glucose in the urine because of insulin secretion disturbance. Diabetes Insipidus : body produces a large volume of urine, because kidney doesnt produce enough antidiuretic hormone to reabsorp water.

Kidney Stone : there is a stone in the kidney because of calcium sedimentation. Nephritic : bacteria infections in kidney that make urine enter the blood. Renal failure : there is malfuction of one or both kidneys and urea stack in the body are poisonous.

Lungs diseases are caused by infection and noninfection. Diseases caused by infection : Bronchitis TBC Pharynxes Tonsillitis Pneumonia Diphteria Asfiction

Diseases caused by noninfection : Asthma Lung cancer Emphysema Rhinitis

Some skin diseases are : Ringworm : fungi infection in the skin Eczema : skin inflammation caused by allergy of some food Skin cancer : because of too much sunlight touch the skin. Acne : caused by ancestry factor, food, infection, allergy, and mentally factor.

Thank You for Your Attention Have a Nice Day

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