Computer Networks Lecture 1

By, Ms.Syeda Asima Sarfraz

Main Topics
Course Aims & Objective Study Material Introduction to data communications & networks
A communication Model Data Communications Data Representations Data Flow Computer Networks Network Definition Distributed Processing Network Attributes
Connection Types Physical topology

Course Aims & Objectives

Fundamental Concepts of data communication & networks Understanding of layered architecture (OSI Model) Transmission medias Encoding & Modulation Error detection & flow & error control Network devices & LAN technologies Switched networks IP Addressing & sub netting concepts LAN implementation skills

Study Material
Text Book/s
Data Communication & Networking By Behrouz A.Forouzan Data & Computer Communications By William Stallings

Internet

Introduction to Data Communication & Networks

Data
Refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using data

Data Communication
Exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as wire/cable Communication system is made up of hardware and software

Characteristics of Data Communication System

Effectiveness of data communication depends upon three fundamental characteristics:
Delivery
Must deliver to correct destination

Accuracy
Must deliver data accurately

Timeliness
Must deliver data in timely manner

Components of Data Communication System

Data Communication System has five components
Message
Data/information to be communicated

Sender
Device that sends data

Receiver
Device that receives message

Medium
Physical path by which message travels

Protocol
Set of rules that governs data communication

Data Representation
Data comes in different forms:
Text
Use Bit pattern No. of bits depends upon the no of symbols in language Bit pattern is called code Process of representation is called coding ASCII, UNICODE etc. Use Bit pattern ASCII is not used for numbers Directly represented in binary pattern Its due to the simplification of mathematical operations

Number

Data Representation
Images
Use Bit pattern Image is divided into matrix of pixels Each pixel is assigned a bit pattern For colored images pixel is decomposed into three primary colors (RGB)

Audio
Its continuous not discrete Audio is converted into digital signal

Video
Its continuous Converted into digital

Data Flow
Simplex
Unidirectional

Half Duplex
Each station can send and receive but not the same time

Full Duplex
Both stations can send and receive simultaneously

Data Flow

Computer Networks
Network is set of devices connected by communication link Devices are often referred to as Nodes Node in a network can be computer, Printer or any other device capable of sending and receiving data

Computer Network
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers Devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users Allows users to share resources Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.

Distributed Processing
Most networks use distributed processing Task is divided among multiple computers Instead of single large machine separate computers handle a subset of task

Distributed Processing

Network Criteria
Performance
Can be measured in many ways Transit time, response time Depends upon number of factors
No of users Type of transmission medium Capabilities of connected hardware Efficiency of software

Reliability
Measured by frequency of failure Time taken to recover from failure

Security
Protection from unauthorized access

Computer Network Attributes

Physical structure of network can be seen through,
Types of Connection Physical Topology

Type of Connection
There are two possible types of connections:
Point to Point:
dedicated link between two devices entire link capacity used by two devices

Multipoint
Also called multi drop Connection is one in which more than two specific devices share single link Channel capacity is shared(spatially or temporally)

Thanks