Agriculture

Mohammad Aqib
10-H

Indian Agriculture
Agriculture Sector is changing the socio-economic environments of the population due to liberalization and globalization

About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture. About 43% of Indias geographical area is used for agricultural activity
Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian Economy

Indian Agriculture
Provides about 65% of the livelihood Accounts for 27% of GDP Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies Raw materials to Industries Growth Rate in production - 5.7% Food grains production 211.17 mt

Indias position in world Agriculture

Rank

Total Area Irrigated Area Population Economically Active population Total Cereals Wheat Rice Coarse grains Total Pulses Oil Seeds Fruits and Vegetables Implements (Tractors) Milk Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes)

Seventh First Second Second Third Second Second Fourth First Second Second Third First First

Mile Stones in Agricultural Development

Green Revolution (1968) Ever-Green Revolution (1996) Blue Revolution (water, fish) White Revolution (Milk) Yellow Revolution (flower, edible) Bio-Technology Revolution ICT Revolution

Development of Indian Agriculture : Basic Issues

Revitalization of Cooperative Institutions Improving Rural Credits Research, Education & Extension Human Resources Development Trade & Export Promotion Land Reforms Enabling Environment for higher Agricultural Growth

The thrust areas:

Diversification of Agriculture Inter-cropping Micro Management Water Management Organic Farming Agri-Clinics and Agri-business Centres Bio-Technology

Efforts on Policies, strategies and Frameworks

National Agriculture Policy (2000) National Seeds policy (2002) Cooperative Policy Agricultural Price policy Agricultural Extension Framework (2001

Reports
Agriculture Credit, Cooperation and Crop Horticulture Development including Spices Aromatic and Medicinal Plants and Plantation Crops Agriculture Infrastructure/Warehousing/Rural Godowns/Marketing/Post Harvest Management, Processing and Cold Storage, Trade and Export Promotion. Crop Husbandry, Demand and Supply Projections and Agricultural Inputs Agriculture Research and Education Animal Husbandry & Dairying Agriculture Statistics Watershed Development, Rainfed Farming and Natural Resources Management |Agriculture Development in Eastern and North-Eastern India Agriculture and Allied Sectors Organic and Biodynamic Farming (for further details www.planningcommission.nic.in)

Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural Development

Biotechnology Pre & post harvesting technology Energy saving technology Environment protection technology Information and Communication technology GIS & RS technology Internet/Intranet Technology

Fusion of Technologies for Sustainable Development - A Synergy of Multiple Disciplines

Database Technology Internet/Intranet Technology GIS and Remote Sensing Image Processing GPS Artificial Intelligence Modeling

Decision Support Systems

Integrated Nutrient Management Integrated Pest Management Demand-Supply Projections Soil-Water balance Credit Management Inter-cropping systems Bio-fertilizer management Early Warning System

Population and Food grains Needs - The population as per latest census (2001-02), the estimated population is 1033.5 million

- Requirement of food grains for Human consumption is 174 m t (NIN, Hyderabad) and production requirement is 195 mt Therefore, our production is expected to be higher than the requirement calculated on normative method

 We have 26 per cent population below poverty who have poor economic access to food grains. Their low purchasing power may not permit them to purchase 182.5 kg per capita per annum. If they can purchase only 70 per cent of their requirements, this would imply availability of additional 15 mt in the market - Food Corporation has stocks of over 60 m t against the norm of about 24 m t - Average pulse production during IXth Plan is 13 mt, the requirement of pulses is about 15 mt - Rate of growth of consumption of Rice and Wheat is expected to decline. Therefore, the answer to first question is in affirmative. Then we need to diversify our agriculture

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