Introduction

Service providers frequently come across with suggestions of using higher power amplifier (40W instead of 20W PA) for Node B to avail of capacity advantages. This document discusses comparative advantages & disadvantages of using higher Node B power (40W vis-a-vis 20W PA) based on both theoretical (link budget) analysis and case study done with Merida for following scenarios. a) Interference Limited Scenario (Multi-BTS environment; 28 sites) b) Noise Limited (Coverage Limited) Scenario (Outskirts area)

Impact of 40Watt PA on HSDPA throughput for uneven traffic distribution has also been discussed separately. The details of all the above are provided in the following slides.

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Link Budget (Uniform Traffic Distribution)

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Link Budget (Uniform Traffic Distribution)

Analyses were carried out to ascertain max. number of CS64 users (at cell edge) with uniform forward link loading of 70% for i) 20 Watt & ii) 40 Watt PA.

It is calculated from link budget that in order to meet same pilot and CS64 service coverage targets, all channel powers need to be increased by 3 dB. As a result, total number of users that can be served does not increase with 40 Watt PA.

Based on link budget, it can therefore be concluded that if traffic is uniformly distributed, usage of 40 Watt PA will not provide any capacity advantage.

Summary of results along with link budgets are provided in following slide.

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Link Budget (Uniform Traffic Distribution)
PA Type Required Pilot Power (dBm) 2 2 Required Traffic (CS22 ) Channel Power (dBm) 2 2 Max. No. of CS22 Users at Cell Edge (with 22 % PA Loading) 44 . 4

2 Watt 2

2 Watt 2

2 2

2 2

22 . 2

Downlink Budget-22 22 W- W
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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based On Static Simulation in Asset (Uniform Traffic Distribution)

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Uniform FL Loading)

Static coverage analyses were carried out for a cluster of 28 sites of Merida for following scenarios to determine forward link pilot coverage improvement. a) Static pilot coverage with 70% FL load for 20 Watt PA b) Static pilot coverage with 70% FL load for 40 Watt PA (all common channel powers increased by 3 dB as per link budget) c) Static pilot coverage with 70% FL load for 40 Watt PA (common channel power remain same as 20 Watt case)

From the statistical report, it is established that no improvement in Ec/Io is observed in (b) with respect to (a). Also, (c) is found to be very poor in terms of Ec/Io. Summary of results along with detailed simulation statistics are provided in following slide.

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Uniform FL Loading)
Percentage of Area with PA Type Scenario Pilot RSCP > Pilot Ec/Io > -2 2dBm 2 -4 4 dB 2. 2 22 % 4. 4 44 %

2 Watt Static Simulation with2 2 FL Load 2 % Static Simulation with2 2 FL Load % (Control Channel power increased by dB 2 as per link budget) Static Simulation with2 2 FL Load % (without increasing Control Channel power by 2 dB)

2. 2 22 %

2. 2 22 %

2 Watt 2

2. 2 22 %

2. 2 22 %

Static Comparison 2W 2W 2 2
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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Uniform FL Loading)
Conclusion

Considering the fact that forward link pilot coverage is determined by both RSCP and Ec/Io, maximum coverage area percentage (98.95%) does not increase by using 40W PA.

Usage of 40W PA shall necessarily have to be associated with increase of pilot and other control channel powers by 3dB. Otherwise, significant deterioration in Ec/Io coverage will be experienced.

Usage of 40W PA however, increases pilot RSCP strength. In case of forward link pilot RSCP limited scenario, this might help in improving coverage.

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based On MC Simulation in Asset (Uniform Subs Distribution)

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on MC Simulation in Asset (Uniform Subs Distribution)

MC simulations were carried out for the same cluster of Merida under following scenarios to determine improvement in forward link blocking. a) MC simulation with 5,000 voice users for 20 Watt PA b) MC simulation with 5,000 voice users for 40 Watt PA (all common channel powers increased by 3 dB as per link budget) c) MC simulation with 5,000 voice users for 40 Watt PA (common channel power remain same as 20 Watt case) d) MC simulation with 5,000 voice users with 40Watt PA at FL limited sectors only (other sectors with 20Watt PA)

The voice users have been allowed to be distributed uniformly as per simulation process. No clutter weight has been used for this study. Summary of results along with detailed simulation statistics are provided in following slide.

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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on MC Simulation in Asset (Uniform Subs Distribution)
PA Type Scenario MC Simulation with 2222 , voice users Percentage of Failures (due to FL) Low Pilot 2 Watt 2 44 % . 4 Percentage Total of Failures Percentage Low Eb/No (due to RL) of Failure 22 % . 2 22 % . 2 22 % . 2

MC Simulation with 2222 , voice users (Control Channel power increased by 2dB as per link budget) 2 Watt 2 MC Simulation with 2222 , voice users (without increasing Control Channel power by 2dB) MC Simulation with 2222 , 2 Watt & 2 voice users (22 PA used Watt 2 Watt 2 for FL limited sectors)

22 % . 2

44 % . 4

22 % . 2

44 % . 4

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

22 % . 2

MC Simulation Comparison
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Interference Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on MC Simulation in Asset (Uniform Subs Distribution)
Conclusion

From the previous analyses, it is evident that increasing PA power to 40W does not result in any improvement of total failure percentage. For 20W scenario, 1.8% failure happened due to forward link limitations (low pilot and low Eb/No). Although above were almost resolved by using 40W PA, this however could not result in any overall improvement as additional failures happened due to reverse link limitation.

It can therefore be concluded that improvement of only forward link does not guarantee any betterment of performance.

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Coverage Limited Scenario

Analysis Based On Static Simulation in Asset (Unloaded Scenario)

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Coverage Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Unloaded Scenario)

Unloaded static coverage analyses were carried out in following scenarios for an outskirts site of Merida to ascertain coverage improvement (if any) by using 40Watt PA. a) 20Watt PA with control channel powers as per link budget b) 20Watt PA with control channel powers increased by 3dB from (a) above c) 40Watt PA with control channel powers increased by 3 dB from (a) above d) 40Watt PA with control channel powers increased by 6 dB from (a) above

Summary of results along with link budgets are provided in following slide.

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Coverage Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Unloaded Scenario)
PA Type Scenario Forward Link Coverage Area (Sq. Km.) for Pilot RSCP > - Pilot Ec/Io > -222 dBm -2dB 4. 44 4. 44 2. 22 4. 44 2. 22 2 22 2. 2 22 2. 2 22 2.

2 Watt 2

Unloaded Static Simulation (CPICH=22 dBm) Unloaded Static Simulation (CPICH=44 dBm) Unloaded Static Simulation (CPICH=22 dBm) Unloaded Static Simulation (CPICH=22 dBm)

2 Watt 2

Isolated Coverage Comparison

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Coverage Limited Scenario

Analysis Based on Static Simulation in Asset (Unloaded Scenario)
Conclusion

From the previous analyses, it is evident that for same CPICH (and other control channel) powers, pilot coverage boundary remains unchanged for both 20W and 40W PA.

Forward link coverage continues to increase with the increase in control channel powers. Accordingly, for 37dBm of pilot power setting, maximum coverage is obtained for 40Watt PA. It may however be noted that above does not guarantee any actual coverage improvement. Actual coverage improvement will be obtained if reverse link is found to be strong enough to meet larger pilot coverage footprint.

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Impact On HSDPA
Qualcomm Simulation (Uneven Traffic Distribution)

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Impact On HSDPA
Qualcomm Simulation (Uneven Traffic Distribution)

In order to investigate whether 40Watt PA would result in significant gain in terms of single user application layer throughput, simulations were carried out by Qualcomm for Cat. 8 and Cat. 12 UE.

The CS load (voice users) of neighboring cells were varied between 0% to 100% while the HSDPA serving cell was always loaded to 100% with HSDPA traffic (20% of the power was allocated to common channels of the cell).

The following slide shows the derived average results for the single-user application (eg. FTP) layer throughput.

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Impact On HSDPA
Qualcomm Simulation (Uneven Traffic Distribution)
Neighbor Cell UE Type Load 2 % Cat. 22 2% 2 22 2% 2 % Cat. 2 2% 2 22 2% Average Application Throughput Gain from 2 W to 2 W 2 2 22 . % 22 . % 22 . % 4. % 44 2. % 22 22 . %

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Impact On HSDPA
Qualcomm Simulation (Uneven Traffic Distribution)
Conclusion

Gain of low capability UE (Cat.12) is quite limited (max. 7.4%) as more power does not help a limited number of codes. On the other hand, significant gain (33%) is experienced with Cat. 8 UE due to better utilization of 16QAM modulation (in case of no neighbor cell load). This gain gradually diminishes with increasing neighbor cell load and virtually no gain (0.3%) is experienced with 100% neighbor cell load. Based on above, it can be concluded that 40Watt PA does not provide capacity gain in an evenly loaded scenario but does provide gains in isolated or typically indoor cell scenario. The detailed document on above [80-W0976-1] will be released for AMX.

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Conclusi on

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Conclusion

For interference-limited scenario (likely to exist in high & medium traffic areas) usage of 40Watt PA is unlikely to provide any capacity advantage over 20Watt PA under near-uniform radio network loading condition. For isolated coverage scenario, usage of 40Watt PA will enable the user to increase forward link coverage footprint while reserving adequate power for traffic channels (compared to 20Watt PA). This however will ensure actual coverage gain if reverse link is strong enough to match larger forward link coverage boundary. For uneven traffic scenario, as observed in HSDPA simulation study, capacity gain is expected by using 40Watt PA. The gain will however largely depend on UE capability and loading of surrounding cells. As the surrounding cell loading increases, the gain will diminish. In view of all the above, it is recommended to opt for case-by-case decision to select power amplifier type (20Watt or 40Watt).

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Conclusion

Considering the vendor-specific cases for AMX, it is understood that for Ericsson, NodeBs will be equipped with 40Watt PA which can be used as either 40Watt single carrier PA or two carriers each of 20Watts. Therefore, for Ericsson regions, it is recommended to start service with 20Watt PA and reconfigure the site for 40Watt as per requirement. For Nokia on the other hand, NodeBs are fitted with 40Watt PA but will require an additional software key to activate the same. Therefore, for Nokia regions, it is recommended to use 20Watt PA (40Watt PA without software activation) at the launch of service and activate the software key based on site specific requirement.

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Thank You

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