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  • Smart Dust: K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)

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    This document discusses the goals and progress of the Smart Dust project. It aims to create autonomous sensor nodes just 1 mm3 in size that could be delivered by micro air vehicles (MAVs) or scattered like seeds. Initial prototypes used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate networking and algorithms using sensor nodes just a few cubic centimeters in size. Later work focused on integrating more capabilities into smaller volumes, including solar cells, combustion power sources, scanning lasers, and imaging receivers. The ultimate goal is to develop fully autonomous smart dust motes just 1 mm3 in size that could form large-scale wireless sensor networks.

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    MEMSPIJan00

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    This document discusses the goals and progress of the Smart Dust project. It aims to create autonomous sensor nodes just 1 mm3 in size that could be delivered by micro air vehicles (MAVs) or scattered like seeds. Initial prototypes used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate networking and algorithms using sensor nodes just a few cubic centimeters in size. Later work focused on integrating more capabilities into smaller volumes, including solar cells, combustion power sources, scanning lasers, and imaging receivers. The ultimate goal is to develop fully autonomous smart dust motes just 1 mm3 in size that could form large-scale wireless sensor networks.

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    19 views21 pages

    Smart Dust: K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous WplpBJlF2k
    This document discusses the goals and progress of the Smart Dust project. It aims to create autonomous sensor nodes just 1 mm3 in size that could be delivered by micro air vehicles (MAVs) or scattered like seeds. Initial prototypes used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate networking and algorithms using sensor nodes just a few cubic centimeters in size. Later work focused on integrating more capabilities into smaller volumes, including solar cells, combustion power sources, scanning lasers, and imaging receivers. The ultimate goal is to develop fully autonomous smart dust motes just 1 mm3 in size that could form large-scale wireless sensor networks.

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    of 21

    DARPA

    MTO MEMS

    SMART DUST
    K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)
    http://eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust http://spyplanes.com
    SMART DUST

    Goals

    Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3 MAV delivery Thousands of motes Many interrogators

    Demonstrate useful/complex integration in


    1 mm3

    SMART DUST

    COTS Dust
    GOALS: Create a network of sensors Explore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components

    SMART DUST

    COTS Dust - RF Motes


    Atmel Microprocessor RF Monolithics transceiver 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
    N W S E

    2 Axis Magnetic Sensor 2 Axis Accelerometer Light Intensity Sensor

    Humidity Sensor
    Pressure Sensor

    Temperature Sensor

    SMART DUST

    COTS Dust - Distributed Algorithms


    1, $100 Sensor nodes are easy algorithms?

    -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

    SMART DUST
    2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

    COTS Dust - Optical Motes

    Laser mote 650nm laser pointer 2 day life full duty

    CCR mote 4 corner cubes 40% hemisphere


    SMART DUST

    CCR Interogator
    Top View of the Interrogator Filter Polarizing Beamsplitter Quarter-wave Plate

    CCD Camera

    Lens 0.25% reflectance on each surface

    Frequency-Doubled YAG Green Laser

    Beam
    Expander 45o mirror

    SMART DUST

    Video Semaphore Decoding

    Diverged beam @ 300m Shadow or full sunlight

    San Francisco (Coit Tower) to Berkeley (Cory Hall)

    SMART DUST

    1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver


    Put an asynchronous receiver

    at every pixel

    Photosensor

    CRC Check SIPO Shift Local Bus Driver Register

    Signal Processing A/D Conversion Off Chip Bus Driver

    0.25 um CMOS in fab

    Funded by DARPA/MTO/STAB
    Pixel Array

    SMART DUST

    Micro Mote - First Attempt


    300 um

    SMART DUST

    2D beam scanning
    AR coated dome lens laser CMOS ASIC Steering Mirror

    SMART DUST

    6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror

    Normalized beam position

    0.8

    0.6

    Open loop control Insensitive to disturbance Potentially low power

    0.4

    0.2

    10

    20 30 Time (seconds)

    40

    SMART DUST

    ~8mm3 laser scanner


    Two 4-bit mechanical DACs control mirror scan angles.
    ~6 degrees azimuth, 3 elevation

    SMART DUST

    Power and Energy

    Sources Storage
    Solar cells Combustion/Thermopiles Batteries ~1 J/mm3 Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3 Digital control: nJ/instruction Analog circuitry: nJ/sample Communication: nJ/bit

    Usage

    SMART DUST

    Combustion

    Solid rocket propellant integrated igniter thermoelectric generator

    SMART DUST

    Dust Delivery

    Silicon maple seeds Silicon dandelions


    8.E-06 6.E-06 4.E-06
    Current (A) and Power (W)

    SOI Solar Cell Performance

    2.E-06 Current Power 0.E+00 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

    -2.E-06

    -4.E-06

    -6.E-06 Voltage (V)

    SMART DUST

    MAV Delivery
    Built by MLB Co.

    60 mph 18 min 1 mi comm


    SMART DUST

    24 Bat
    40 mph top speed 30 minute loiter autopilot: pressure sensor, gyros, XLs 2 planes, 1 ground station, in 1 suitcase

    spyplanes.com
    SMART DUST

    Marine LOE 4
    3 MAVs participated, 1 flew 7 sorties on station in minutes

    SMART DUST

    Goal for 01

    SMART DUST

    Virtual Keyboard

    SMART DUST

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