BURNS AND FROSTBITE

PRESENTED BY:

AKANKSHA SINGH CLASS -10th A

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Classification of Burns
Superficial Superficial partial-thickness Deep partial-thickness Full-thickness

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Superficial
Very painful, dry, red burns which blanch with pressure. They usually take 3 to 7 days to heal without scarring. Also known as first-degree burns. The most common type of first-degree burn is sunburn. First-degree burns are limited to the epidermis, or upper layers of skin.

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Superficial Partial-Thickness
Very painful burns sensitive to temperature change and air exposure. More commonly referred to as second-degree burns. Typically, they blister and are moist, red, weeping burns which blanch with pressure. They heal in 7 to 21 days. Scarring is usually confined to changes in skin pigment.

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Deep Partial-Thickness
Blistering or easily unroofed burns which are wet or waxy dry, and are painful to pressure. Their color may range from patchy, cheesy white to red, and they do not blanch with pressure. They take over 21 days to heal and scarring may be severe. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate these burns from full-thickness burns.

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Full-Thickness
Burns which cause the skin to be waxy white to a charred black and tend to be Click to edit Master subtitle style painless. Healing is very slow, if at all, and may require skin grafting. Severe scarring usually occurs.

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First Aid
1.

Treatment should begin immediately to cool the area of the burn. This will help alleviate pain. For deep partial-thickness burns or full- thickness burns, begin immediate plans to transport the victim to competent medical care. For any burn involving the face, hands, feet, or completely around an extremity, or deep burns; immediate medical care should be sought. Not all burns require immediate physician care but should be evaluated within 3-5 days. Remove any hot or burned clothing.

2.

3.

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Cont...
4. Use cool (54 degree F.) saline solution to cool the area for

15-30 minutes. Avoid ice or freezing the injured tissue. Be certain to maintain the victims body temperature while treating the burn.

5. Wash the area thoroughly with plain soap and water. Dry the area with a clean towel. Ruptured blisters should be removed, but the management of clean, intact blisters is controversial. You should not attempt to manage blisters but should seek competent medical help. 6. If immediate medical care is unavailable or unnecessary, antibiotic ointment may be applied after thorough cleaning 4/14/12 and before the clean gauze dressing is applied.

rostbite
Frostbite is the inability to physiologically compensate for cold that Click to edit Master subtitle style produces injury.

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ZONES

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CONT..
zone of coagulation is the most severe, usually distal and

irreversible

zone of hyperemia is the most superficial, typically proximal

with the least cellular damage and recovers with no treatment.

zone of stasis is characterized by severe, but possibly reversibly

cell damage that can benefit from treatment.

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Classification of frostbite
first degree is characterized by partial skin freezing, erythema,

mild edema, lack of blisters, and occasional skin desquamation, has excellent prognosis.

second degree is characterized by full-thickness skin freezing,

formation of substantial edema over 3 to 4 h, and formation of clear blisters that desquamate to form black eschars and has good prognosis.

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CONT
third degree injury is characterized by damage that extends into

the subdermal plexus and leads to formation of hemorrhagic blisters, skin necrosis and a blue-gray discoloration of skin, has poor prognosis

fourth degree injury is characterized by extension into

subcutaneous tissues, muscle, bone, and tendon, there is little edema, nonblanching cyanosis, bloody blebs, has extrememly poor prognosis.

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FIRST AID
Remove wet and

constrictive clothing. Elevate and wrap in dry sterile gauze the involved extremities. Rapid rewarming if rapid access to hospital 400 to 420 C clean water should be used

There is controversy with

regards to debridement of clear blisters on the field Pain management should start with NSAIDS to counteract the arachidonic acid cascade, in addition to opioids Smoking should be discouraged

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THANK YOU
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